nightly-2024-05-24: chore: Move turbofish changes to the elaborator (#5094)

# Description

## Problem\*

Resolves <!-- Link to GitHub Issue -->

## Summary\*

Moving https://github.com/noir-lang/noir/pull/3542,
https://github.com/noir-lang/noir/pull/5041, and
https://github.com/noir-lang/noir/pull/5087 to the elaborator

## Additional Context



## Documentation\*

Check one:
- [ ] No documentation needed.
- [ ] Documentation included in this PR.
- [ ] **[For Experimental Features]** Documentation to be submitted in a
separate PR.

# PR Checklist\*

- [ ] I have tested the changes locally.
- [ ] I have formatted the changes with [Prettier](https://prettier.io/)
and/or `cargo fmt` on default settings.

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Co-authored-by: jfecher <jake@aztecprotocol.com>