watercostaccra

The goal of watercostaccra is to provide users with documentation on two surveys on household water costs, coping mechanisms as well as water point estimates conducted in November 2023 in Accra, Ghana. The data sets are associated with the following project report completed by Elizabeth Vicario for the “data science for openwashdata” course offered by openwashdata.org.

Installation

You can install the development version of watercostaccra from GitHub with:

# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("openwashdata/watercostaccra")

Alternatively, you can download the individual data sets as a CSV or XLSX file from the table below.

dataset	CSV	XLSX
watercostaccra1	Download CSV	Download XLSX
watercostaccra2	Download CSV	Download XLSX

Data

The package provides access to household water costs, coping mechanisms as well as water point estimates.

library(watercostaccra)

The watercostaccra1 data set contains data about a household survey on water costs and coping strategies in Accra. It has 116 observations and 89 variables. The watercostaccra2 data set contains data about a water point survey conducted in Accra as well. It has 49 observations and 30 variables. For an overview of the variable names, see the following table.

variable_name	variable_type	description
id	double	identification number of household
community	character	one of two communities surveyed (Korle Gonno or Abuja)
housing_type	character	housing type (\[1\] block unit: unit in a row of apartments made of cement blocks, \[2\] wood unit: unit in a row of apartments made of wood, house, \[3\] compound house: single-story L- or C-shaped house with a multiple units around a shared courtyard, \[4\] multi-story apartment building, \[5\] wooden shack, \[6\] no structure, \[7\] other)
respondent_relationship_to_hh	character	respondent’s relationship to the household head (respondent identified)
gender	character	gender of respondent (respondent identified)
tenure	character	tenure status (renter, homeowner, or living without payment)
years_in_community	integer	number of years respondent has lived in community
adult_count	double	number of adults in household including respondent. Household is described as those “eating from the same pot”
child_count	double	number of children under 18 in household. Household is described as those “eating from the same pot”
rooms_in_hh	double	number of rooms used for sleeping. Household is described as those “eating from the same pot”
business_ownership	character	household or respondent owns a business (respondent-owned or household-owned)
business_location	character	home-based, fixed location outside home, or mobile location
business_category	character	type of business (e.g., salon, shop, water vending)
business_water_use	character	respondent’s business uses water beyond typical needs of household (true or false)
business_water_source	character	primary source of water for business use (packaged water, piped to home, piped to neighbor’s home, piped to compound, commercial or public tap, borehole, dug well, spring water, delivered water)
primary_dw_source	character	primary source of drinking water (packaged water, piped to home, piped to neighbor’s home, piped to compound, commercial or public tap, borehole, dug well, spring water, delivered water)
dw_reason_x	character	respondent reasons for using drinking water source (convenience, affordability, availability, temperature, cleanliness, taste, habit or cultural norm, trustworthiness, health, other)
package_type_preference	character	respondent typically purchases individual sachets/bottles, multipacks of these, or both
package_size_reason_x	character	reason for purchasing preferred package type (storage space in home, cost effectiveness, temperature at time of purchase, availability of money, convenience, size needed for respondent or household, avoiding wasting water by purchasing when needed)
dw_treatment	character	treatment methods of water before drinking
primary_water_source	character	primary water source for non-drinking water (packaged water, piped to home, piped to neighbor’s home, piped to compound, commercial or public tap, borehole, dug well, spring water, delivered water)
primary_source_reason_x	character	reason for using primary source of non-drinking water (proximity to home, convenience, affordability, availability, cleanliness, other)
other_non_dw_source_use	logical	respondent uses at least one source besides primary non-drinking water source (true or false)
other_non_dw_sources_x	character	additional water source(s) for non-drinking water (packaged water, piped to home, piped to neighbor’s home, piped to compound, commercial or public tap, borehole, dug well, spring water, delivered water)
secondary_source_reason_x	character	reason for using secondary source of non-drinking water (primary source is not available, primary source is not clean, primary source is crowded, availability of shower stalls, convenient location)
tap_payment_mode	character	respondent’s mechanism for paying for piped water (all respondents use piped water as a primary or secondary source), options including pay_to_fetch, shares_bill, and both.
daily_hh_water_cost_for_pay_to_fetch	double	daily estimated cost of drinking water for respondent’s household
daily_hh_water_cost_phhm_for_pay_to_fetch	double	daily estimated cost of drinking water for respondent’s household per household member
past_struggle_to_find_water	logical	respondent has struggled to find water before (defined as extreme difficulty to access water) (true or false)
time_of_last_struggle_to_find_water	character	respondent’s last time of struggle to find water (e.g., in the last week)
weekdays_struggle_to_find_water	double	days in a week the respondent typically struggles to find or pay for water
past_struggle_primary_reason	character	primary reason for past struggles to find water (availability, high cost, distance to nearest source)
tap_closure_knowledge_x	character	respondent’s knowledge about tap closures (usually known, sometimes known, expected due to patterns in closures, not known, or no answer)
coping_mechanism_x	character	strategies for coping with water shortage (spending more on the same amount of water, purchasing extra water to store at home, using another source, using packaged water for cooking, skipping cooking, using packaged water for bathing, skipping bathing, closing business due to water shortage, skipping laundry)
water_storage_drinking_water	logical	respondent typically stores drinking water at home (true or false)
water_storage_non_drinking_water	logical	respondent typically stores non-drinking water at home (true or false)
water_storage_none	logical	respondent typically does not store water at home (true or false)
storage_containers_x	character	if respondent typically stores non-drinking water, types of storage containers (plastic jugs also called jerry cans or Kufuor gallons, uncovered or covered barrels, other covered or uncovered containers)
estimated_non_dw_storage_capacity	double	estimated capacity of storage for non-drinking water in liters
estimated_stored_non_dw	double	estimated actual stored non-drinking water in liters

Example

Here is an example illustrating health risks associated with the water samples collected in Accra.

library(watercostaccra)
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)

long_data <- watercostaccra2 |> 
  pivot_longer(cols = c(coli_mpn_health_risk, tc_mpn_health_risk),
               names_to = "risk_type",
               values_to = "health_risk")

# Count occurrences of each health_risk category within each community and risk_type
count_data <- long_data |> 
  group_by(community, risk_type, health_risk) |> 
  summarise(count = n(), .groups = 'drop')

facet_labels <- c(
  coli_mpn_health_risk = "Coliform MPN health risk",
  tc_mpn_health_risk = "Total Coliform MPN health risk"
)

# Create the bar plot
ggplot(count_data, aes(x = community, y = count, fill = health_risk)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = "dodge") +
  facet_wrap(~ risk_type, labeller = labeller(risk_type = facet_labels)) +
  labs(title = "Health risk assessment by community",
       x = "community",
       y = "count",
       fill = "health risk") +
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Dark2") +
  theme_minimal()

License

Data are available as CC-BY.

Citation

Please cite this package using:

citation("watercostaccra")
#> To cite package 'watercostaccra' in publications use:
#> 
#>   Götschmann M, Vicario E, Davidson B, Amankwaa E, Zhong M (2024).
#>   _watercostaccra: Household water costs and coping strategies data
#>   from metropolitan Accra_. R package version 0.0.0.9000,
#>   <https://github.com/openwashdata/watercostaccra>.
#> 
#> A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is
#> 
#>   @Manual{,
#>     title = {watercostaccra: Household water costs and coping strategies data from metropolitan Accra},
#>     author = {Margaux Götschmann and Elizabeth Vicario and Betty Avanu Davidson and Ebenezer F. Amankwaa and Mian Zhong},
#>     year = {2024},
#>     note = {R package version 0.0.0.9000},
#>     url = {https://github.com/openwashdata/watercostaccra},
#>   }