refactor(osmomath/cl): avoid using broken power function; panic on broken values

[p0mvn]

Addresses: #4967

What is the purpose of the change

Addresses #4967 in the context of concentrated liquidity. Keeping #4967 open until completely resolved in the future

The osmomath.Power function is broken for base < 1. The reason is that the logarithm function is
negative between zero and 1, and the Exp2(k) is undefined for negative k.
As a result, this function panics if called for base < 1 as it is implemented by Exp2(base.LogBase2().Mul(exponent))

Brief Changelog

• replace Power function with PowerInteger in `x/concentrated-liquidity module
• panic in osmomath.Power foe base < 1

Testing and Verifying

• added test

Documentation and Release Note

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature or user-facing behavior changes? no
• Is a relevant changelog entry added to the Unreleased section in CHANGELOG.md? yes
• How is the feature or change documented? not applicable

[czarcas7ic]

This LGTM, but we still need to replace the osmomath hash in go.mod

[AlpinYukseloglu]

LGTM