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placementinsql: add the survival preferences docs #12682

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20 changes: 20 additions & 0 deletions placement-rules-in-sql.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ SELECT * FROM information_schema.partitions WHERE tidb_placement_policy_name IS
| `FOLLOWER_CONSTRAINTS` | 仅适用于 follower 的约束列表。 |
| `LEARNER_CONSTRAINTS` | 仅适用于 learner 的约束列表。 |
| `LEARNERS` | 指定 learner 的数量。 |
| `SURVIVAL_PREFERENCE` | 指定按 label 容灾等级的优先级放置副本。例如 `SURVIVAL_PREFERENCE="[region, zone, host]"`。 |

## 示例

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -247,6 +248,25 @@ PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) ) (
>
> 字典和列表格式都基于 YAML 解析,但 YAML 语法有些时候不能被正常解析。例如 YAML 会把 `"{+disk=ssd:1,+disk=nvme:2}"`(`:` 后无空格)错误地解析成 `'{"+disk=ssd:1": null, "+disk=nvme:2": null}'`,不符合预期。但 `"{+disk=ssd: 1,+disk=nvme: 2}"`(`:` 后有空格)能被正确解析成 `'{"+disk=ssd": 1, "+disk=nvme": 2}'`。

### 生存偏好

在创建或修改放置策略时,你可以使用 `SURVIVAL_PREFERENCES` 选项设置数据的生存能力偏好。

例如,假设你有一个集群,它分布在 3 个 `zone` (即可用区),且每个可用区的 `host`(即节点)上混合部署了多个 TiKV 实例。在为该集群创建放置策略时,按如下方式设置上 `SURVIVAL_PREFERENCES`:
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``` sql
CREATE PLACEMENT POLICY multiaz SURVIVAL_PREFERENCES="[zone, host]";
CREATE PLACEMENT POLICY singleaz CONSTRAINTS="[+zone=zone1]" SURVIVAL_PREFERENCES="[host]";
```

创建好放置策略后,你可以按需将放置策略绑定到对应的表上:
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- 对于绑定了 `multiaz` 放置策略的表,数据将以 3 副本的形式放置在不同的可用区里,优先满足跨 `zone`(即可用区)级别数据隔离的生存目标,再满足跨 `host`(即机器)级别的数据隔离的生存目标。
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- 对于绑定了 `singleaz` 放置策略的表,数据会优先以 3 副本的形式全部放置在 `zone1` 这个可用区里,再满足跨 `host`(即机器)级别的数据隔离的生存目标。
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> **注意:**
>
> `SURVIVAL_PREFERENCES` 和 PD 中的 `LOCATION_LABELS` 是等价的,更多信息可以参考[通过拓扑 label 进行副本调度](/schedule-replicas-by-topology-labels.md)。
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## 工具兼容性

| 工具名称 | 最低兼容版本 | 说明 |
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