expression: let cast function supports explicit set charset (#55724)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #55724

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #55677

Problem Summary: Ref https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/cast-functions.html#cast-function-descriptions

What changed and how does it work?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 84.44444% with 7 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Please upload report for BASE (release-7.5@cdd7546). Learn more about missing BASE report.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             release-7.5     #56088   +/-   ##
================================================
  Coverage               ?   72.0121%           
================================================
  Files                  ?       1413           
  Lines                  ?     411947           
  Branches               ?          0           
================================================
  Hits                   ?     296652           
  Misses                 ?      95405           
  Partials               ?      19890           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	72.0121% <84.4444%> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	52.9400% <0.0000%> (?)
parser	∅ <0.0000%> (?)
br	53.5154% <0.0000%> (?)

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: Defined2014, XuHuaiyu

The full list of commands accepted by this bot can be found here.

The pull request process is described here

Needs approval from an approver in each of these files:

• OWNERS [Defined2014,XuHuaiyu]
• pkg/expression/OWNERS [XuHuaiyu]

Approvers can indicate their approval by writing /approve in a comment
Approvers can cancel approval by writing /approve cancel in a comment

[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-09-23 04:47:19.482441173 +0000 UTC m=+1454909.222865107: ☑️ agreed by Defined2014.
• 2024-09-23 05:52:45.835152326 +0000 UTC m=+1458835.575576265: ☑️ agreed by XuHuaiyu.

[Defined2014]

/retest