*: let TempIndex support encode/decode partitionID flag (#57017)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #57017

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #56535

Problem Summary: TempIndex didn't process partition handle before. So let it supports encode/decode partition handle.

What changed and how does it work?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 87.09677% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 56.6742%. Comparing base (999befe) to head (5b9ccc0).
Report is 12 commits behind head on release-8.5.

Additional details and impacted files

@@                 Coverage Diff                  @@
##           release-8.5     #57075         +/-   ##
====================================================
- Coverage      73.2006%   56.6742%   -16.5265%     
====================================================
  Files             1652       1780        +128     
  Lines           456093     637496     +181403     
====================================================
+ Hits            333863     361296      +27433     
- Misses          101707     252028     +150321     
- Partials         20523      24172       +3649     

Flag	Coverage Δ
integration	37.4582% <45.1612%> (?)
unit	72.8204% <83.8709%> (+0.3459%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	52.9478% <ø> (ø)
parser	∅ <ø> (∅)
br	52.5937% <ø> (+6.5963%)	⬆️

[Defined2014]

/retest

[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-11-01 12:49:48.836677747 +0000 UTC m=+613301.675833286: ☑️ agreed by Defined2014.
• 2024-11-01 14:21:34.961488986 +0000 UTC m=+618807.800644530: ☑️ agreed by mjonss.

[Defined2014]

/retest

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: Defined2014, mjonss, tangenta

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Needs approval from an approver in each of these files:

• OWNERS [Defined2014,mjonss,tangenta]
• pkg/ddl/OWNERS [tangenta]
• pkg/table/OWNERS [tangenta]
• pkg/tablecodec/OWNERS [tangenta]

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[Defined2014]

/retest

[Defined2014]

/retest