We don't have a mailing list; but we are always happy to answer questions on gitter chat. If you are sure you've found a bug please search our issue trackers for a duplicate before filing a new issue:
- mypy tracker for mypy isues
- typeshed tracker for issues with specific modules
- typing tracker for discussion of new type system features (PEP 484 changes) and runtime bugs in the typing module
Mypy is an optional static type checker for Python. You can add type hints to your Python programs using the standard for type annotations introduced in Python 3.5 (PEP 484), and use mypy to type check them statically. Find bugs in your programs without even running them!
The type annotation standard has also been backported to earlier Python 3.x versions. Mypy supports Python 3.3 and later.
For Python 2.7, you can add annotations as comments (this is also specified in PEP 484).
You can mix dynamic and static typing in your programs. You can always fall back to dynamic typing when static typing is not convenient, such as for legacy code.
Here is a small example to whet your appetite:
from typing import Iterator
def fib(n: int) -> Iterator[int]:
a, b = 0, 1
while a < n:
yield a
a, b = b, a + bMypy is in development; some features are missing and there are bugs. See 'Development status' below.
You need Python 3.3 or later to run mypy. You can have multiple Python versions (2.x and 3.x) installed on the same system without problems.
In Ubuntu, Mint and Debian you can install Python 3 like this:
$ sudo apt-get install python3 python3-pip
For other Linux flavors, OS X and Windows, packages are available at
Mypy can be installed using pip:
$ python3 -m pip install -U mypy
If you want to run the latest version of the code, you can install from git:
$ python3 -m pip install -U git+git://github.com/python/mypy.git
Now, if Python on your system is configured properly (else see "Troubleshooting" below), you can type-check the statically typed parts of a program like this:
$ mypy PROGRAM
You can always use a Python interpreter to run your statically typed programs, even if they have type errors:
$ python3 PROGRAM
Mypy can be integrated into popular IDEs:
- Vim: vim-mypy
- Emacs: using Flycheck and Flycheck-mypy
- Sublime Text: [SublimeLinter-contrib-mypy]
- Atom: linter-mypy
- PyCharm: PyCharm integrates its own implementation of PEP 484.
Mypy can also be integrated into Flake8 using flake8-mypy.
Documentation and additional information is available at the web site:
Or you can jump straight to the documentation:
Depending on your configuration, you may have to run pip3 like
this:
$ python3 -m pip install -U mypy
This should automatically installed the appropriate version of mypy's parser, typed-ast. If for some reason it does not, you can install it manually:
$ python3 -m pip install -U typed-ast
If the mypy command isn't found after installation: After either
pip3 install or setup.py install, the mypy script and
dependencies, including the typing module, will be installed to
system-dependent locations. Sometimes the script directory will not
be in PATH, and you have to add the target directory to PATH
manually or create a symbolic link to the script. In particular, on
Mac OS X, the script may be installed under /Library/Frameworks:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/<version>/bin
In Windows, the script is generally installed in
\PythonNN\Scripts. So, type check a program like this (replace
\Python34 with your Python installation path):
C:\>\Python34\python \Python34\Scripts\mypy PROGRAM
If you are using virtualenv,
make sure you are running a python3 environment. Installing via pip3
in a v2 environment will not configure the environment to run installed
modules from the command line.
$ python3 -m pip install -U virtualenv
$ python3 -m virtualenv env
If you want to contribute, first clone the mypy git repository:
$ git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/python/mypy.git
If you've already cloned the repo without --recurse-submodules,
you need to pull in the typeshed repo as follows:
$ git submodule init
$ git submodule update
Either way you should now have a subdirectory typeshed containing a
clone of the typeshed repo (https://github.com/python/typeshed).
From the mypy directory, use pip to install mypy:
$ cd mypy
$ python3 -m pip install -U .
Replace python3 with your Python 3 interpreter. You may have to do
the above as root. For example, in Ubuntu:
$ sudo python3 -m pip install -U .
Now you can use the mypy program just as above. In case of trouble
see "Troubleshooting" above.
mypy contains a submodule, "typeshed". See http://github.com/python/typeshed. This submodule contains types for the Python standard library.
Due to the way git submodules work, you'll have to do
git submodule update typeshed
whenever you change branches, merge, rebase, or pull.
(It's possible to automate this: Search Google for "git hook update submodule")
See Test README.md
Mypy is work in progress and is not yet production quality, though mypy development has been done using mypy for a while!
Here are some of the more significant Python features not supported right now (but all of these will improve):
- properties with setters not supported
- limited metaclass support
- only a subset of Python standard library modules are supported, and some only partially
- 3rd party module support is limited
The current development focus is to have a good coverage of Python features and the standard library (both 3.x and 2.7).
Please report any bugs and enhancement ideas using the mypy issue tracker:
https://github.com/python/mypy/issues
Feel free to also ask questions on the tracker.
Any help in testing, development, documentation and other tasks is highly appreciated and useful to the project. There are tasks for contributors of all experience levels. If you're just getting started, check out the difficulty/easy label.
For more details, see the file CONTRIBUTING.md.
Mypy is licensed under the terms of the MIT License (see the file LICENSE).