feat(python): allow df.rename and lf.rename to take a renaming function

py-polars/polars/dataframe/frame.py

@@ -4058,14 +4058,14 @@ def reverse(self) -> DataFrame:
         """
         return self.select(F.col("*").reverse())
 
-    def rename(self, mapping: dict[str, str]) -> DataFrame:
+    def rename(self, mapping: dict[str, str] | Callable[[str], str]) -> DataFrame:
         """
         Rename column names.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         mapping
-            Key value pairs that map from old name to new name.
+            Key value pairs that map from old name to new name, or a function.
 
         Examples
         --------
@@ -4083,8 +4083,22 @@ def rename(self, mapping: dict[str, str]) -> DataFrame:
         │ 2     ┆ 7   ┆ b   │
         │ 3     ┆ 8   ┆ c   │
         └───────┴─────┴─────┘
+        >>> df.rename(lambda column_name: "c" + column_name[1:])
+        shape: (3, 3)
+        ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐
+        │ coo ┆ car ┆ cam │
+        │ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- │
+        │ i64 ┆ i64 ┆ str │
+        ╞═════╪═════╪═════╡
+        │ 1   ┆ 6   ┆ a   │
+        │ 2   ┆ 7   ┆ b   │
+        │ 3   ┆ 8   ┆ c   │
+        └─────┴─────┴─────┘
         """
-        return self.lazy().rename(mapping).collect(_eager=True)
+        if callable(mapping):
+            return self.select(F.all().name.map(mapping))
+        else:
+            return self.lazy().rename(mapping).collect(_eager=True)
 
     def insert_column(self, index: int, column: Series) -> Self:
         """

py-polars/polars/lazyframe/frame.py

@@ -4165,14 +4165,14 @@ def drop(
         drop_cols = _expand_selectors(self, *columns)
         return self._from_pyldf(self._ldf.drop(drop_cols))
 
-    def rename(self, mapping: dict[str, str]) -> Self:
+    def rename(self, mapping: dict[str, str] | Callable[[str], str]) -> Self:
         """
         Rename column names.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
         mapping
-            Key value pairs that map from old name to new name.
+            Key value pairs that map from old name to new name, or a function.
 
         Notes
         -----
@@ -4199,10 +4199,24 @@ def rename(self, mapping: dict[str, str]) -> Self:
         │ 2     ┆ 7   ┆ b   │
         │ 3     ┆ 8   ┆ c   │
         └───────┴─────┴─────┘
+        >>> lf.rename(lambda column_name: "c" + column_name[1:]).collect()
+        shape: (3, 3)
+        ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐
+        │ coo ┆ car ┆ cam │
+        │ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- │
+        │ i64 ┆ i64 ┆ str │
+        ╞═════╪═════╪═════╡
+        │ 1   ┆ 6   ┆ a   │
+        │ 2   ┆ 7   ┆ b   │
+        │ 3   ┆ 8   ┆ c   │
+        └─────┴─────┴─────┘
         """
-        existing = list(mapping.keys())
-        new = list(mapping.values())
-        return self._from_pyldf(self._ldf.rename(existing, new))
+        if callable(mapping):
+            return self.select(F.all().name.map(mapping))
+        else:
+            existing = list(mapping.keys())
+            new = list(mapping.values())
+            return self._from_pyldf(self._ldf.rename(existing, new))
 
     def reverse(self) -> Self:
         """

py-polars/tests/unit/dataframe/test_df.py

@@ -1139,6 +1139,12 @@ def test_rename(df: pl.DataFrame) -> None:
     _ = out[["foos", "bars"]]
 
 
+def test_rename_lambda() -> None:
+    df = pl.DataFrame({"a": [1], "b": [2], "c": [3]})
+    out = df.rename(lambda col: "foo" if col == "a" else "bar" if col == "b" else col)
+    assert out.columns == ["foo", "bar", "c"]
+
+
 def test_write_csv() -> None:
     df = pl.DataFrame(
         {

py-polars/tests/unit/test_lazy.py

@@ -923,6 +923,14 @@ def test_with_column_renamed(fruits_cars: pl.DataFrame) -> None:
     assert res.columns[0] == "C"
 
 
+def test_rename_lambda() -> None:
+    ldf = pl.LazyFrame({"a": [1], "b": [2], "c": [3]})
+    out = ldf.rename(
+        lambda col: "foo" if col == "a" else "bar" if col == "b" else col
+    ).collect()
+    assert out.columns == ["foo", "bar", "c"]
+
+
 def test_reverse() -> None:
     out = pl.LazyFrame({"a": [1, 2], "b": [3, 4]}).reverse()
     expected = pl.DataFrame({"a": [2, 1], "b": [4, 3]})