refactor(rust): introduce partitioned table

[ritchie46]

This can make working with partitioned tables less error prone. Only used now for streaming joins as pre-work for upcoming streaming outer join. Can be used in group-bys and default joins logic as well.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 94.33962% with 3 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 80.94%. Comparing base (a34e2b0) to head (575842b).
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
...rates/polars-pipe/src/executors/sinks/joins/mod.rs	81.25%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##             main   #14819    +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage   80.94%   80.94%            
========================================
  Files        1325     1327     +2     
  Lines      171952   172080   +128     
  Branches     2452     2452            
========================================
+ Hits       139188   139293   +105     
- Misses      32292    32317    +25     
+ Partials      472      470     -2     

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