fix: Raise error when casting Array to different width

[stinodego]

Closes #15029

You could cast Array types to a different width, resulting in a width that did not match the data.

I also added a fast path for casting List/Array to the same dtype (clone).

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 46.15385% with 7 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 81.02%. Comparing base (fd9eba2) to head (003e9ac).
Report is 5 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
crates/polars-core/src/chunked_array/cast.rs	46.15%	7 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #14995   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   81.02%   81.02%           
=======================================
  Files        1338     1338           
  Lines      173706   173711    +5     
  Branches     2461     2456    -5     
=======================================
+ Hits       140742   140757   +15     
+ Misses      32494    32487    -7     
+ Partials      470      467    -3     

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