feat(python)!: Properly apply strict parameter in Series constructor

[stinodego]

Closes #14427

The behavior of the Series constructor has been updated.
Generally, it will be more strict, unless the user passes strict=False.

Strict construction is more efficient than non-strict construction, so make sure to pass values of the same data type to the constructor for the best performance.

Example

Before:

>>> s = pl.Series([1, 2, 3.5])
shape: (3,)
Series: '' [f64]
[
        1.0
        2.0
        3.5
]
>>> s = pl.Series([1, 2, 3.5], strict=False)
shape: (3,)
Series: '' [i64]
[
        1
        2
        null
]
>>> s = pl.Series([1, 2, 3.5], strict=False, dtype=pl.Int8)
Series: '' [i8]
[
        1
        2
        null
]

After:

>>> s = pl.Series([1, 2, 3.5])
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: unexpected value while building Series of type Int64; found value of type Float64: 3.5

Hint: Try setting `strict=False` to allow passing data with mixed types.
>>> s = pl.Series([1, 2, 3.5], strict=False)
shape: (3,)
Series: '' [f64]
[
        1.0
        2.0
        3.5
]
>>> s = pl.Series([1, 2, 3.5], strict=False, dtype=pl.Int8)
Series: '' [i8]
[
        1
        2
        3
]

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 81.04%. Comparing base (687dee3) to head (8679207).
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #16939      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   81.02%   81.04%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files        1445     1445              
  Lines      190134   190141       +7     
  Branches     2712     2709       -3     
==========================================
+ Hits       154050   154103      +53     
+ Misses      35585    35540      -45     
+ Partials      499      498       -1     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #16939 will improve performances by 19.94%

_{Comparing constructor-strict (8679207) with main (687dee3)}

Summary

⚡ 1 improvements
✅ 36 untouched benchmarks

Benchmarks breakdown

	Benchmark	main	constructor-strict	Change
⚡	test_groupby_h2oai_q5	2.1 ms	1.7 ms	+19.94%

[ritchie46]

auch