Instruct NER

Solution of complex Named Entity Recognition tasks (and subtask Nested NER) based on modern Large Language Models (LLMs).

Table of contents

• Insturct Dataset
  • Implemented datasets
  • Training
• Automatic calculation of metrics
  • Inference
• Results
  • Metrics
  • Error analysis
  • Restrictions
• Models
  • Implemented models
  • HuggingFace

Insturct Dataset

You should form python dictionaries for every text and labels. Let's look at an simplified example from Russian Drug Reaction Corpus (RuDReC).

• Input text: Это старый-добрый Римантадин, только в сиропе.
• Labels: Римантадин - Drugname, сиропе - Drugform

1. Create Instruction - task description for LLM

Russian:

Ты решаешь задачу NER. Извлеки из текста слова, относящиеся к каждой из следующих сущностей: Drugname, Drugclass, DI, ADR, Finding.

English:

You are solving the NER problem. Extract from the text words related to each of the following entities: Drugname, Drugclass, DI, ADR, Finding.

2. Build dictionary with labels.

You can use one of two supported version.

With all entity types (hard to compute with large tagset)

raw_entities = {
    'Drugname': ['Римантадин'],
    'Drugclass': [],
    'Drugform': ['сиропе'],
    'DI': [],
    'ADR': [],
    'Finding': []
}

Only with mentioned entities (better for large tagset)

short_form_output=True (available with Nerel-BIO and MultiCoNER)

raw_entities = {
    'Drugname': ['Римантадин'],
    'Drugform': ['сиропе']
}

3. Create MODEL_INPUT_TEMPLATE.

MODEL_INPUT_TEMPLATE = {
'prompts_input': "### Задание: {instruction}\n### Вход: {inp}\n### Ответ: ",
'output_separator': "Ответ: "
}

Or english version

MODEL_INPUT_TEMPLATE = {
'prompts_input': "### Task: {instruction}\n### Input: {inp}\n### Answer: ",
'output_separator': "Answer: "
}

Automatically generate Instruction

instruction_ner/utils/instruct_dataset.py

class Instruction(TypedDict):
    instruction: str
    input: str
    output: str
    source: str   
    raw_entities: dict[str, list[str]]
    id: str

Example

{'instruction': 'Ты решаешь задачу NER. Извлеки из текста слова, относящиеся к каждой из следующих сущностей: Drugname, Drugclass, DI, ADR, Finding.',
 'input': 'Это старый-добрый Римантадин, только в сиропе.\n',
 'output': 'Drugname: Римантадин\nDrugclass: \nDrugform: сиропе\nDI: \nADR: \nFinding: \n',
 'source': '### Задание: Ты решаешь задачу NER. Извлеки из текста слова, относящиеся к каждой из следующих сущностей: Drugname, Drugclass, DI, ADR, Finding.\n### Вход: Это старый-добрый Римантадин, только в сиропе.\n### Ответ: ',
 'raw_entities': {'Drugname': ['Римантадин'],
  'Drugclass': [],
  'Drugform': ['сиропе'],
  'DI': [],
  'ADR': [],
  'Finding': []},
 'id': '1_2555494.tsv'}

Implemented datasets

instruction_ner/utils/

1. Russian Drug Reaction Corpus (RuDReC)
2. NEREL-BIO (Nested Named Entities)
3. CoNLL-2003
4. MultiCoNER II (2023) (HF, fine and coarse level mapping of the tags)

Train your LLM on instructions

python medner/instruction_ner/train_instruct.py \
        --config_file medner/instruction_ner/configs/mistral_7b.json \
        --model_type mistral \
        --dataset_name conll2003 \
        --max_instances -1 \
        --push_to_hub True \
        --hf_name_postfix _extended_instruction

Automatic calculation of metrics

Infer your LLM on instructions to generate prediction.json

python medner/instruction_ner/inference_instruct.py \
        --batch_size 16 \
        --dataset_name conll2003 \
        --model_type mistral \
        --model_name poteminr/mistral-conll2003_extended_instruction \
        --max_instances -1

instruction_ner/metric.py

You can use the implemented functions with the output of inference_instruct calculate metrics.

import pandas as pd
from utils.rudrec.rudrec_utis import ENTITY_TYPES
from metric import calculate_metrics_from_dataframe

prediction = pd.read_json('prediction.json')
prediction.head(3)

	id	extracted	target
0	8_1443820.tsv	{'Drugname': [], 'Drugclass': [], 'Drugform': ['таблетки'], 'DI': [], 'ADR': [], 'Finding': []}	{'Drugname': [], 'Drugclass': [], 'Drugform': ['таблетки'], 'DI': [], 'ADR': [], 'Finding': []}
1	1_2555494.tsv	{'Drugname': ['Римантадин'], 'Drugclass': [], 'Drugform': ['сиропе'], 'DI': [], 'ADR': [], 'Finding': []}	{'Drugname': ['Римантадин'], 'Drugclass': [], 'Drugform': ['сиропе'], 'DI': [], 'ADR': [], 'Finding': []}
2	1_618967.tsv	{'Drugname': [], 'Drugclass': [], 'Drugform': [], 'DI': [], 'ADR': [], 'Finding': []}	{'Drugname': [], 'Drugclass': [], 'Drugform': [], 'DI': [], 'ADR': [], 'Finding': []}

from metric import calculate_metrics_from_dataframe
metrics = calculate_metrics_from_dataframe(prediction, ENTITY_TYPES)

{'Drugname': {'precision': 0.9670250896057347,
  'recall': 0.9195637355146558,
  'f1': 0.9426974143955277}, ...}

Results

Tables with metrics for implemented datasets (link)

Error analysis (link)

You can explore 5 types of model errors:

1. Mistaken recognition - one type of entity is recognized as another
2. Entity is not recognized
3. Misspelling - origin text doesn't contain the predicted entity
4. Overpredictiton
5. Conflicting predictions

Confusion matrix for mistaken recognitions is available.

Restrictions

Instruction LLM for NER performs well on flat entities, but performs poorly on datasets with large tagset and nested entites.

Thus, LLM and encoder model produce comparable results on flat-ner datasets with incredibly different training and inference times.

Models

Implemented models

1. Llama & Llama2
2. Mistral
3. T5
4. RWKV

HuggingFace

• poteminr/llama2-rudrec adapter model (LoRA)
• poteminr/llama2-rudrec-merged merged with base model
• poteminr/mistral-rudrec adapter model (LoRA)

and other models on HF such as T5, Llama, Mistral: poteminr