fix: ensure no duplicate package names are stored in pyproject.toml

src/poetry/console/commands/add.py

@@ -215,6 +215,11 @@ def handle(self) -> int:
 
             constraint_name = _constraint["name"]
             assert isinstance(constraint_name, str)
+
+            for key in list(section.keys()):
+                if canonicalize_name(key) == canonicalize_name(constraint_name):
+                    del section[key]
+
             section[constraint_name] = constraint
 
             with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):

tests/console/commands/test_add.py

@@ -43,6 +43,18 @@ def poetry_with_up_to_date_lockfile(
     )
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def poetry_sample_project(
+    project_factory: ProjectFactory, fixture_dir: FixtureDirGetter
+) -> Poetry:
+    source = fixture_dir("sample_project")
+
+    return project_factory(
+        name="my-package",
+        pyproject_content=(source / "pyproject.toml").read_text(encoding="utf-8"),
+    )
+
+
 @pytest.fixture()
 def tester(command_tester_factory: CommandTesterFactory) -> CommandTester:
     return command_tester_factory("add")
@@ -1055,6 +1067,42 @@ def test_add_should_skip_when_adding_canonicalized_existing_package_with_no_cons
     assert expected in tester.io.fetch_output()
 
 
+def test_add_should_replace_non_canonicalized_package(
+    project_factory: ProjectFactory,
+    repo: TestRepository,
+    command_tester_factory: CommandTesterFactory,
+):
+    pyproject_content = """\
+    [tool.poetry]
+    name = "simple-project"
+    version = "1.2.3"
+    description = "Some description."
+    authors = [
+        "Python Poetry <tests@python-poetry.org>"
+    ]
+    license = "MIT"
+    readme = "README.rst"
+
+    [tool.poetry.dependencies]
+    python = "^3.6"
+    Foo = "^0.6"
+    """
+
+    poetry = project_factory(name="simple-project", pyproject_content=pyproject_content)
+    content = poetry.file.read()
+
+    assert "Foo" in content["tool"]["poetry"]["dependencies"]
+    assert "foo" not in content["tool"]["poetry"]["dependencies"]
+
+    tester = command_tester_factory("add", poetry=poetry)
+    repo.add_package(get_package("foo", "1.1.2"))
+    tester.execute("foo@latest")
+
+    updated_content = poetry.file.read()
+    assert "Foo" not in updated_content["tool"]["poetry"]["dependencies"]
+    assert "foo" in updated_content["tool"]["poetry"]["dependencies"]
+
+
 def test_add_should_work_when_adding_existing_package_with_latest_constraint(
     app: PoetryTestApplication, repo: TestRepository, tester: CommandTester
 ):