Enable pyupgrade rule

notes-to-self/file-read-latency.py

@@ -24,7 +24,5 @@
     seek = (end - between) / COUNT * 1e9
     read = both - seek
     print(
-        "{:.2f} ns/(seek+read), {:.2f} ns/seek, estimate ~{:.2f} ns/read".format(
-            both, seek, read
-        )
+        f"{both:.2f} ns/(seek+read), {seek:.2f} ns/seek, estimate ~{read:.2f} ns/read"
     )

notes-to-self/proxy-benchmarks.py

@@ -51,12 +51,10 @@ def __init__(self, wrapped):
 
 def add_wrapper(cls, method):
     code = textwrap.dedent(
-        """
+        f"""
         def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            return self._wrapped.{}(*args, **kwargs)
-    """.format(
-            method
-        )
+            return self._wrapped.{method}(*args, **kwargs)
+    """
     )
     ns = {}
     exec(code, ns)
@@ -106,7 +104,7 @@ def __init__(self, wrapped):
 
 def add_wrapper(cls, attr):
     code = textwrap.dedent(
-        """
+        f"""
         def getter(self):
             return self._wrapped.{attr}
 
@@ -115,9 +113,7 @@ def setter(self, newval):
 
         def deleter(self):
             del self._wrapped.{attr}
-    """.format(
-            attr=attr
-        )
+    """
     )
     ns = {}
     exec(code, ns)
@@ -176,4 +172,4 @@ def check(cls):
             # obj.fileno
         end = time.perf_counter()
         per_usec = COUNT / (end - start) / 1e6
-        print("{:7.2f} / us: {} ({})".format(per_usec, obj.strategy, obj.works_for))
+        print(f"{per_usec:7.2f} / us: {obj.strategy} ({obj.works_for})")

pyproject.toml

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ select = [
   "E",  # Error
   "W",  # Warning
   "I",  # isort
+  "UP",  # pyupgrade
   "B",  # flake8-bugbear
   "YTT",  # flake8-2020
   "ASYNC",  # flake8-async

trio/_channel.py

@@ -155,9 +155,7 @@ def __attrs_post_init__(self) -> None:
         self._state.open_send_channels += 1
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "<send channel at {:#x}, using buffer at {:#x}>".format(
-            id(self), id(self._state)
-        )
+        return f"<send channel at {id(self):#x}, using buffer at {id(self._state):#x}>"
 
     def statistics(self) -> MemoryChannelStats:
         # XX should we also report statistics specific to this object?

trio/_core/_io_epoll.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import select
 import sys
 from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, DefaultDict, Literal
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal
 
 import attr
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ class _EpollStatistics:
 class EpollIOManager:
     _epoll: select.epoll = attr.ib(factory=select.epoll)
     # {fd: EpollWaiters}
-    _registered: DefaultDict[int, EpollWaiters] = attr.ib(
+    _registered: defaultdict[int, EpollWaiters] = attr.ib(
         factory=lambda: defaultdict(EpollWaiters)
     )
     _force_wakeup: WakeupSocketpair = attr.ib(factory=WakeupSocketpair)

trio/_core/_io_windows.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
     Callable,
     Iterator,
     Literal,
-    Optional,
     TypeVar,
     cast,
 )
@@ -245,9 +244,9 @@ class CKeys(enum.IntEnum):
 # operation and start a new one.
 @attr.s(slots=True, eq=False)
 class AFDWaiters:
-    read_task: Optional[_core.Task] = attr.ib(default=None)
-    write_task: Optional[_core.Task] = attr.ib(default=None)
-    current_op: Optional[AFDPollOp] = attr.ib(default=None)
+    read_task: _core.Task | None = attr.ib(default=None)
+    write_task: _core.Task | None = attr.ib(default=None)
+    current_op: AFDPollOp | None = attr.ib(default=None)
 
 
 # We also need to bundle up all the info for a single op into a standalone
@@ -585,9 +584,9 @@ def process_events(self, received: EventResult) -> None:
                     pass
                 else:
                     exc = _core.TrioInternalError(
-                        "Failed to cancel overlapped I/O in {} and didn't "
+                        f"Failed to cancel overlapped I/O in {waiter.name} and didn't "
                         "receive the completion either. Did you forget to "
-                        "call register_with_iocp()?".format(waiter.name)
+                        "call register_with_iocp()?"
                     )
                     # Raising this out of handle_io ensures that
                     # the user will see our message even if some

trio/_core/_run.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 DEADLINE_HEAP_MIN_PRUNE_THRESHOLD: Final = 1000
 
 # Passed as a sentinel
-_NO_SEND: Final["Outcome[Any]"] = cast("Outcome[Any]", object())
+_NO_SEND: Final[Outcome[Any]] = cast("Outcome[Any]", object())
 
 FnT = TypeVar("FnT", bound="Callable[..., Any]")
 StatusT = TypeVar("StatusT")
@@ -537,8 +537,8 @@ def __enter__(self) -> Self:
     def _close(self, exc: BaseException | None) -> BaseException | None:
         if self._cancel_status is None:
             new_exc = RuntimeError(
-                "Cancel scope stack corrupted: attempted to exit {!r} "
-                "which had already been exited".format(self)
+                f"Cancel scope stack corrupted: attempted to exit {self!r} "
+                "which had already been exited"
             )
             new_exc.__context__ = exc
             return new_exc
@@ -559,10 +559,8 @@ def _close(self, exc: BaseException | None) -> BaseException | None:
                 # cancel scope it's trying to close. Raise an error
                 # without changing any state.
                 new_exc = RuntimeError(
-                    "Cancel scope stack corrupted: attempted to exit {!r} "
-                    "from unrelated {!r}\n{}".format(
-                        self, scope_task, MISNESTING_ADVICE
-                    )
+                    f"Cancel scope stack corrupted: attempted to exit {self!r} "
+                    f"from unrelated {scope_task!r}\n{MISNESTING_ADVICE}"
                 )
                 new_exc.__context__ = exc
                 return new_exc
@@ -1773,9 +1771,7 @@ def task_exited(self, task: Task, outcome: Outcome[Any]) -> None:
                 # traceback frame included
                 raise RuntimeError(
                     "Cancel scope stack corrupted: cancel scope surrounding "
-                    "{!r} was closed before the task exited\n{}".format(
-                        task, MISNESTING_ADVICE
-                    )
+                    f"{task!r} was closed before the task exited\n{MISNESTING_ADVICE}"
                 )
             except RuntimeError as new_exc:
                 if isinstance(outcome, Error):
@@ -2596,10 +2592,10 @@ def unrolled_run(
                         runner.task_exited(task, msg.final_outcome)
                     else:
                         exc = TypeError(
-                            "trio.run received unrecognized yield message {!r}. "
+                            f"trio.run received unrecognized yield message {msg!r}. "
                             "Are you trying to use a library written for some "
                             "other framework like asyncio? That won't work "
-                            "without some kind of compatibility shim.".format(msg)
+                            "without some kind of compatibility shim."
                         )
                         # The foreign library probably doesn't adhere to our
                         # protocol of unwrapping whatever outcome gets sent in.

trio/_core/_windows_cffi.py

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 import enum
 import re
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NewType, Protocol, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NewType, NoReturn, Protocol, cast
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing_extensions import NoReturn, TypeAlias
+    from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
 
 import cffi
 

trio/_file_io.py

@@ -501,8 +501,8 @@ def has(attr: str) -> bool:
 
     if not (has("close") and (has("read") or has("write"))):
         raise TypeError(
-            "{} does not implement required duck-file methods: "
-            "close and (read or write)".format(file)
+            f"{file} does not implement required duck-file methods: "
+            "close and (read or write)"
         )
 
     return AsyncIOWrapper(file)

trio/_path.py

@@ -413,23 +413,16 @@ async def group(self) -> str: ...
             async def is_mount(self) -> bool: ...
         if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
             async def readlink(self) -> Path: ...
-        if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
-            async def rename(self, target: StrPath) -> Path: ...
-            async def replace(self, target: StrPath) -> Path: ...
-        else:
-            async def rename(self, target: StrPath) -> None: ...
-            async def replace(self, target: StrPath) -> None: ...
+        async def rename(self, target: StrPath) -> Path: ...
+        async def replace(self, target: StrPath) -> Path: ...
         async def resolve(self, strict: bool = False) -> Path: ...
         async def rglob(self, pattern: str) -> Iterable[Path]: ...
         async def rmdir(self) -> None: ...
         async def symlink_to(self, target: StrPath, target_is_directory: bool = False) -> None: ...
         if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
             async def hardlink_to(self, target: str | pathlib.Path) -> None: ...
         async def touch(self, mode: int = 0o666, exist_ok: bool = True) -> None: ...
-        if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
-            async def unlink(self, missing_ok: bool = False) -> None: ...
-        else:
-            async def unlink(self) -> None: ...
+        async def unlink(self, missing_ok: bool = False) -> None: ...
         @classmethod
         async def home(self) -> Path: ...
         async def absolute(self) -> Path: ...

trio/_subprocess.py

@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ async def killer() -> None:
     if sys.platform == "win32":
 
         async def open_process(
-            command: Union[StrOrBytesPath, Sequence[StrOrBytesPath]],
+            command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
             *,
             stdin: int | HasFileno | None = None,
             stdout: int | HasFileno | None = None,

trio/_subprocess_platform/kqueue.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 assert (sys.platform != "win32" and sys.platform != "linux") or not TYPE_CHECKING
 
 
-async def wait_child_exiting(process: "_subprocess.Process") -> None:
+async def wait_child_exiting(process: _subprocess.Process) -> None:
     kqueue = _core.current_kqueue()
     try:
         from select import KQ_NOTE_EXIT

trio/_sync.py

@@ -453,9 +453,7 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
             max_value_str = ""
         else:
             max_value_str = f", max_value={self._max_value}"
-        return "<trio.Semaphore({}{}) at {:#x}>".format(
-            self._value, max_value_str, id(self)
-        )
+        return f"<trio.Semaphore({self._value}{max_value_str}) at {id(self):#x}>"
 
     @property
     def value(self) -> int:
@@ -556,9 +554,7 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
         else:
             s1 = "unlocked"
             s2 = ""
-        return "<{} {} object at {:#x}{}>".format(
-            s1, self.__class__.__name__, id(self), s2
-        )
+        return f"<{s1} {self.__class__.__name__} object at {id(self):#x}{s2}>"
 
     def locked(self) -> bool:
         """Check whether the lock is currently held.

trio/_tests/test_threads.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import time
 import weakref
 from functools import partial
-from typing import Callable, Optional
+from typing import Callable
 
 import pytest
 import sniffio
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ async def test_thread_name(name: str) -> None:
     await test_thread_name("💙")
 
 
-def _get_thread_name(ident: Optional[int] = None) -> Optional[str]:
+def _get_thread_name(ident: int | None = None) -> str | None:
     import ctypes
     import ctypes.util
 
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ def f(name: str) -> Callable[[None], threading.Thread]:
     await to_thread_run_sync(f(default), thread_name=None)
 
     # test that you can set a custom name, and that it's reset afterwards
-    async def test_thread_name(name: str, expected: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+    async def test_thread_name(name: str, expected: str | None = None) -> None:
         if expected is None:
             expected = name
         thread = await to_thread_run_sync(f(expected), thread_name=name)

trio/_tests/test_unix_pipes.py

@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@
         from .._unix_pipes import FdStream
 
 
-# Have to use quoted types so import doesn't crash on windows
-async def make_pipe() -> "tuple[FdStream, FdStream]":
+async def make_pipe() -> tuple[FdStream, FdStream]:
     """Makes a new pair of pipes."""
     (r, w) = os.pipe()
     return FdStream(w), FdStream(r)

trio/_util.py

@@ -135,28 +135,26 @@ def _return_value_looks_like_wrong_library(value: object) -> bool:
 
             raise TypeError(
                 "Trio was expecting an async function, but instead it got "
-                "a coroutine object {async_fn!r}\n"
+                f"a coroutine object {async_fn!r}\n"
                 "\n"
                 "Probably you did something like:\n"
                 "\n"
-                "  trio.run({async_fn.__name__}(...))            # incorrect!\n"
-                "  nursery.start_soon({async_fn.__name__}(...))  # incorrect!\n"
+                f"  trio.run({async_fn.__name__}(...))            # incorrect!\n"
+                f"  nursery.start_soon({async_fn.__name__}(...))  # incorrect!\n"
                 "\n"
                 "Instead, you want (notice the parentheses!):\n"
                 "\n"
-                "  trio.run({async_fn.__name__}, ...)            # correct!\n"
-                "  nursery.start_soon({async_fn.__name__}, ...)  # correct!".format(
-                    async_fn=async_fn
-                )
+                f"  trio.run({async_fn.__name__}, ...)            # correct!\n"
+                f"  nursery.start_soon({async_fn.__name__}, ...)  # correct!"
             ) from None
 
         # Give good error for: nursery.start_soon(future)
         if _return_value_looks_like_wrong_library(async_fn):
             raise TypeError(
                 "Trio was expecting an async function, but instead it got "
-                "{!r} – are you trying to use a library written for "
+                f"{async_fn!r} – are you trying to use a library written for "
                 "asyncio/twisted/tornado or similar? That won't work "
-                "without some sort of compatibility shim.".format(async_fn)
+                "without some sort of compatibility shim."
             ) from None
 
         raise
@@ -174,15 +172,15 @@ def _return_value_looks_like_wrong_library(value: object) -> bool:
         # Give good error for: nursery.start_soon(func_returning_future)
         if _return_value_looks_like_wrong_library(coro):
             raise TypeError(
-                "Trio got unexpected {!r} – are you trying to use a "
+                f"Trio got unexpected {coro!r} – are you trying to use a "
                 "library written for asyncio/twisted/tornado or similar? "
-                "That won't work without some sort of compatibility shim.".format(coro)
+                "That won't work without some sort of compatibility shim."
             )
 
         if inspect.isasyncgen(coro):
             raise TypeError(
                 "start_soon expected an async function but got an async "
-                "generator {!r}".format(coro)
+                f"generator {coro!r}"
             )
 
         # Give good error for: nursery.start_soon(some_sync_fn)
@@ -370,7 +368,7 @@ def __call__(cls, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> None:
             f"{cls.__module__}.{cls.__qualname__} has no public constructor"
         )
 
-    def _create(cls: t.Type[T], *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> T:
+    def _create(cls: type[T], *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> T:
         return super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore