Allow configuring the default ID optimizer and default to pooled-lo

extensions/hibernate-orm/deployment/src/main/java/io/quarkus/hibernate/orm/deployment/HibernateOrmConfigPersistenceUnit.java

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 import java.util.Set;
 
 import org.hibernate.annotations.TimeZoneStorageType;
+import org.hibernate.id.enhanced.StandardOptimizerDescriptor;
 
 import io.quarkus.runtime.annotations.ConfigDocMapKey;
 import io.quarkus.runtime.annotations.ConfigDocSection;
@@ -381,8 +382,84 @@ public static class HibernateOrmConfigPersistenceUnitMapping {
         @ConfigItem(name = "timezone.default-storage", defaultValueDocumentation = "default")
         public Optional<TimeZoneStorageType> timeZoneDefaultStorage;
 
+        /**
+         * The optimizer to apply to identifier generators
+         * whose optimizer is not configured explicitly.
+         *
+         * Only relevant for table- and sequence-based identifier generators.
+         * Other generators, such as UUID-based generators, will ignore this setting.
+         *
+         * The optimizer is responsible for pooling new identifier values,
+         * in order to reduce the frequency of database calls to retrieve those values
+         * and thereby improve performance.
+         *
+         * @asciidoclet
+         */
+        @ConfigItem(name = "id.optimizer.default", defaultValueDocumentation = "pooled-lo")
+        // Note this needs to be a build-time property due to
+        // org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.handleIdentifierValueBinding
+        // which may call (indirectly) org.hibernate.id.enhanced.SequenceStructure.buildSequence
+        // whose output depends on org.hibernate.id.enhanced.SequenceStructure.applyIncrementSizeToSourceValues
+        // which is determined by the optimizer.
+        public Optional<IdOptimizerType> idOptimizerDefault;
+
         public boolean isAnyPropertySet() {
-            return timeZoneDefaultStorage.isPresent();
+            return timeZoneDefaultStorage.isPresent()
+                    || idOptimizerDefault.isPresent();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public enum IdOptimizerType {
+        /**
+         * Assumes the value retrieved from the table/sequence is the lower end of the pool.
+         *
+         * Upon retrieving value `N`, the new pool of identifiers will go from `N` to `N + <allocation size> - 1`, inclusive.
+         * `pooled`::
+         * Assumes the value retrieved from the table/sequence is the higher end of the pool.
+         * +
+         * Upon retrieving value `N`, the new pool of identifiers will go from `N - <allocation size>` to `N + <allocation size>
+         * - 1`, inclusive.
+         * +
+         * The first value, `1`, is handled differently to avoid negative identifiers.
+         * +
+         * Use this to get the legacy behavior of Quarkus 2 / Hibernate ORM 5 or older.
+         * `none`::
+         * No optimizer, resulting in a database call each and every time an identifier value is needed from the generator.
+         * +
+         * Not recommended in production environments:
+         * may result in degraded performance and/or frequent gaps in identifier values.
+         *
+         * @asciidoclet
+         */
+        POOLED_LO(StandardOptimizerDescriptor.POOLED_LO),
+        /**
+         * Assumes the value retrieved from the table/sequence is the higher end of the pool.
+         *
+         * Upon retrieving value `N`, the new pool of identifiers will go from `N - <allocation size>` to `N + <allocation size>
+         * - 1`, inclusive.
+         *
+         * The first value, `1`, is handled differently to avoid negative identifiers.
+         *
+         * Use this to get the legacy behavior of Quarkus 2 / Hibernate ORM 5 or older.
+         *
+         * @asciidoclet
+         */
+        POOLED(StandardOptimizerDescriptor.POOLED),
+        /**
+         * No optimizer, resulting in a database call each and every time an identifier value is needed from the generator.
+         *
+         * Not recommended in production environments:
+         * may result in degraded performance and/or frequent gaps in identifier values.
+         *
+         * @asciidoclet
+         */
+        NONE(StandardOptimizerDescriptor.NONE);
+
+        public final String configName;
+
+        IdOptimizerType(StandardOptimizerDescriptor delegate) {
+            configName = delegate.getExternalName();
         }
     }
 

extensions/hibernate-orm/deployment/src/main/java/io/quarkus/hibernate/orm/deployment/HibernateOrmProcessor.java

@@ -1022,6 +1022,9 @@ private static void producePersistenceUnitDescriptorFromConfig(
             descriptor.getProperties().setProperty(AvailableSettings.TIMEZONE_DEFAULT_STORAGE,
                     persistenceUnitConfig.mapping.timeZoneDefaultStorage.get().name());
         }
+        descriptor.getProperties().setProperty(AvailableSettings.PREFERRED_POOLED_OPTIMIZER,
+                persistenceUnitConfig.mapping.idOptimizerDefault
+                        .orElse(HibernateOrmConfigPersistenceUnit.IdOptimizerType.POOLED_LO).configName);
 
         //charset
         descriptor.getProperties().setProperty(AvailableSettings.HBM2DDL_CHARSET_NAME,

extensions/hibernate-orm/deployment/src/test/java/io/quarkus/hibernate/orm/SchemaUtil.java

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 import jakarta.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
 
 import org.hibernate.engine.spi.SessionFactoryImplementor;
+import org.hibernate.generator.Generator;
 import org.hibernate.metamodel.MappingMetamodel;
 import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.SelectableConsumer;
 import org.hibernate.metamodel.mapping.SelectableMapping;
@@ -50,4 +51,11 @@ public void accept(int selectionIndex, SelectableMapping selectableMapping) {
         entityDescriptor.forEachSelectable(columnFinder);
         return columnFinder.found.getJdbcMapping().getJdbcType().getFriendlyName();
     }
+
+    public static Generator getGenerator(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory, Class<?> entityType) {
+        MappingMetamodel domainModel = entityManagerFactory
+                .unwrap(SessionFactoryImplementor.class).getRuntimeMetamodels().getMappingMetamodel();
+        EntityPersister entityDescriptor = domainModel.findEntityDescriptor(entityType);
+        return entityDescriptor.getGenerator();
+    }
 }

extensions/hibernate-orm/deployment/src/test/java/io/quarkus/hibernate/orm/mapping/id/optimizer/AbstractIdOptimizerDefaultTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.mapping.id.optimizer;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import jakarta.inject.Inject;
+
+import org.assertj.core.api.AbstractObjectAssert;
+import org.assertj.core.api.InstanceOfAssertFactories;
+import org.hibernate.Session;
+import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
+import org.hibernate.id.OptimizableGenerator;
+import org.hibernate.id.enhanced.Optimizer;
+import org.hibernate.id.enhanced.PooledLoOptimizer;
+import org.hibernate.id.enhanced.PooledOptimizer;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.SchemaUtil;
+import io.quarkus.narayana.jta.QuarkusTransaction;
+
+public abstract class AbstractIdOptimizerDefaultTest {
+
+    @Inject
+    SessionFactory sessionFactory;
+
+    @Inject
+    Session session;
+
+    abstract Class<?> defaultOptimizerType();
+
+    @Test
+    public void defaults() {
+        assertThat(List.of(
+                EntityWithDefaultGenerator.class,
+                EntityWithGenericGenerator.class,
+                EntityWithSequenceGenerator.class,
+                EntityWithTableGenerator.class))
+                .allSatisfy(c -> assertOptimizer(c).isInstanceOf(defaultOptimizerType()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void explicitOverrides() {
+        assertOptimizer(EntityWithGenericGeneratorAndPooledOptimizer.class)
+                .isInstanceOf(PooledOptimizer.class);
+        assertOptimizer(EntityWithGenericGeneratorAndPooledLoOptimizer.class)
+                .isInstanceOf(PooledLoOptimizer.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void ids() {
+        for (long i = 1; i <= 51; i++) {
+            assertThat(QuarkusTransaction.requiringNew().call(() -> {
+                var entity = new EntityWithSequenceGenerator();
+                session.persist(entity);
+                return entity.id;
+            }))
+                    .isEqualTo(i);
+        }
+    }
+
+    AbstractObjectAssert<?, Optimizer> assertOptimizer(Class<?> entityType) {
+        return assertThat(SchemaUtil.getGenerator(sessionFactory, entityType))
+                .as("ID generator for entity type " + entityType.getSimpleName())
+                .asInstanceOf(InstanceOfAssertFactories.type(OptimizableGenerator.class))
+                .extracting(OptimizableGenerator::getOptimizer)
+                .as("ID optimizer for entity type " + entityType.getSimpleName());
+    }
+}

extensions/hibernate-orm/deployment/src/test/java/io/quarkus/hibernate/orm/mapping/id/optimizer/EntityWithDefaultGenerator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.mapping.id.optimizer;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+
+@Entity
+public class EntityWithDefaultGenerator {
+
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue
+    Long id;
+
+    public EntityWithDefaultGenerator() {
+    }
+
+}

extensions/hibernate-orm/deployment/src/test/java/io/quarkus/hibernate/orm/mapping/id/optimizer/EntityWithGenericGenerator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.mapping.id.optimizer;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+
+import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
+import org.hibernate.id.enhanced.SequenceStyleGenerator;
+
+@Entity
+public class EntityWithGenericGenerator {
+
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(generator = "gen_gen")
+    @GenericGenerator(name = "gen_gen", type = SequenceStyleGenerator.class)
+    Long id;
+
+    public EntityWithGenericGenerator() {
+    }
+
+}

extensions/hibernate-orm/deployment/src/test/java/io/quarkus/hibernate/orm/mapping/id/optimizer/EntityWithGenericGeneratorAndPooledLoOptimizer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.mapping.id.optimizer;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+
+import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
+import org.hibernate.annotations.Parameter;
+import org.hibernate.id.OptimizableGenerator;
+import org.hibernate.id.enhanced.SequenceStyleGenerator;
+
+@Entity
+public class EntityWithGenericGeneratorAndPooledLoOptimizer {
+
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(generator = "gen_gen_pooled_lo")
+    @GenericGenerator(name = "gen_gen_pooled_lo", type = SequenceStyleGenerator.class, parameters = @Parameter(name = OptimizableGenerator.OPT_PARAM, value = "pooled-lo"))
+    Long id;
+
+    public EntityWithGenericGeneratorAndPooledLoOptimizer() {
+    }
+
+}

extensions/hibernate-orm/deployment/src/test/java/io/quarkus/hibernate/orm/mapping/id/optimizer/EntityWithGenericGeneratorAndPooledOptimizer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.mapping.id.optimizer;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+
+import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
+import org.hibernate.annotations.Parameter;
+import org.hibernate.id.OptimizableGenerator;
+import org.hibernate.id.enhanced.SequenceStyleGenerator;
+
+@Entity
+public class EntityWithGenericGeneratorAndPooledOptimizer {
+
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(generator = "gen_gen_pooled_lo")
+    @GenericGenerator(name = "gen_gen_pooled_lo", type = SequenceStyleGenerator.class, parameters = @Parameter(name = OptimizableGenerator.OPT_PARAM, value = "pooled"))
+    Long id;
+
+    public EntityWithGenericGeneratorAndPooledOptimizer() {
+    }
+
+}

extensions/hibernate-orm/deployment/src/test/java/io/quarkus/hibernate/orm/mapping/id/optimizer/EntityWithSequenceGenerator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.mapping.id.optimizer;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+import jakarta.persistence.SequenceGenerator;
+
+@Entity
+public class EntityWithSequenceGenerator {
+
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(generator = "seq_gen")
+    @SequenceGenerator(name = "seq_gen")
+    Long id;
+
+    public EntityWithSequenceGenerator() {
+    }
+
+}

extensions/hibernate-orm/deployment/src/test/java/io/quarkus/hibernate/orm/mapping/id/optimizer/EntityWithTableGenerator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.mapping.id.optimizer;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+import jakarta.persistence.TableGenerator;
+
+@Entity
+public class EntityWithTableGenerator {
+
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(generator = "tab_gen")
+    @TableGenerator(name = "tab_gen")
+    Long id;
+
+    public EntityWithTableGenerator() {
+    }
+
+}

extensions/hibernate-orm/deployment/src/test/java/io/quarkus/hibernate/orm/mapping/id/optimizer/IdOptimizerDefaultDefaultTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.mapping.id.optimizer;
+
+import org.hibernate.id.enhanced.PooledLoOptimizer;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.RegisterExtension;
+
+import io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.SchemaUtil;
+import io.quarkus.test.QuarkusUnitTest;
+
+public class IdOptimizerDefaultDefaultTest extends AbstractIdOptimizerDefaultTest {
+
+    @RegisterExtension
+    static QuarkusUnitTest TEST = new QuarkusUnitTest()
+            .withApplicationRoot((jar) -> jar
+                    .addClasses(EntityWithDefaultGenerator.class, EntityWithGenericGenerator.class,
+                            EntityWithSequenceGenerator.class, EntityWithTableGenerator.class,
+                            EntityWithGenericGeneratorAndPooledOptimizer.class,
+                            EntityWithGenericGeneratorAndPooledLoOptimizer.class)
+                    .addClasses(SchemaUtil.class))
+            .withConfigurationResource("application.properties");
+
+    @Override
+    Class<?> defaultOptimizerType() {
+        return PooledLoOptimizer.class;
+    }
+}

extensions/hibernate-orm/deployment/src/test/java/io/quarkus/hibernate/orm/mapping/id/optimizer/IdOptimizerDefaultNoneTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.mapping.id.optimizer;
+
+import org.hibernate.id.enhanced.NoopOptimizer;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.RegisterExtension;
+
+import io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.SchemaUtil;
+import io.quarkus.test.QuarkusUnitTest;
+
+public class IdOptimizerDefaultNoneTest extends AbstractIdOptimizerDefaultTest {
+
+    @RegisterExtension
+    static QuarkusUnitTest TEST = new QuarkusUnitTest()
+            .withApplicationRoot((jar) -> jar
+                    .addClasses(EntityWithDefaultGenerator.class, EntityWithGenericGenerator.class,
+                            EntityWithSequenceGenerator.class, EntityWithTableGenerator.class,
+                            EntityWithGenericGeneratorAndPooledOptimizer.class,
+                            EntityWithGenericGeneratorAndPooledLoOptimizer.class)
+                    .addClasses(SchemaUtil.class))
+            .withConfigurationResource("application.properties")
+            .overrideConfigKey("quarkus.hibernate-orm.mapping.id.optimizer.default", "none");
+
+    @Override
+    @Disabled("The 'none' optimizer will produce a different stream of IDs (1 then 51 then 101 then ...)")
+    public void ids() {
+        super.ids();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    Class<?> defaultOptimizerType() {
+        return NoopOptimizer.class;
+    }
+}