QUADS (quick and dirty scheduler)

QUADS automates the future scheduling, end-to-end provisioning and delivery of bare-metal servers and networks.

Visit the QUADS blog
Please read our contributing guide and use Gerrit Review to submit patches.

QUADS (quick and dirty scheduler)

What does it do?

Create and manage unlimited future scheduling for automated slicing & dicing of systems and network infrastructure
Drive automated systems provisioning and network switch changes to deliver isolated, multi-tenant bare-metal environments
Automated network and provisioning validation prior to delivering sets of machines/networks to tenants
Automated allocation of optional, publicly routable VLANs
Generates/maintains user-configurable instackenv.json to accomodate OpenStack deployment.
Generates/maintains user-configurable ocpinventory.json for OpenShift on Baremetal Deployments
Automatically generate/maintain documentation to illustrate current status
- Current system details, infrastructure fleet inventory
- Current system group ownership (cloud), workloads and assignments
- Total duration and time remaining in system assignments
- Dynamic provisioning & system/network validation status per assignment
- Currently allocated/free optional publicly routable VLAN status
Query scheduling data to determine future availability
Generates a per-month visualization map for per-machine allocations to assignments.
JIRA integration.
Chat webhook and IRC notifications (via supybot/notify plugin) for system releases.
Email notifications to users for new future assignments, releases and expirations.
Flask-based Web UI for searching for available bare-metal systems in the future based on model.
Open, RESTful JSON API and RBAC for controlling access

Design

Main components: Python3, Flask, SqlAlchemy, PostgreSQL, Jinja2
Installation via RPM for Fedora Linux.
We use Badfish for managing bare-metal IPMI
We use Foreman for the systems provisioning backend.
A typical QUADS deployment might look like this:

Requirements

Recent Fedora Server for RPM installations
1 x modest sized VM for QUADS and the associated Wiki component
The scheduling functionality can be used standalone, but you'll want a provisioning backend like Foreman to take full advantage of QUADS scheduling, automation and provisioning capabilities.
Switch/VLAN automation is done on Juniper Switches in Q-in-Q VLANs, but command sets can be extended to support other network switch models as future RFE's.
We use badfish for Dell systems to manage boot order to accomodate OpenStack deployments via Ironic/Triple-O as well as to control power actions via the Redfish API.

Setup Overview

Documentation for setting up and using QUADS is available in detail within this repository.
Below is a high-level overview of a greenfield setup, some of this may exist already for you.

Step	Documentation	Details
General Architecture Overview	docs	Architecture overview
Install and Setup Foreman/Satellite	docs	Not covered here
Setup Foreman/Satellite Validation Templates	examples	Templates for internal interface configs
Prepare Host and Network Environment	docs	Covers Juniper Environments, IPMI, Foreman
Install QUADS	docs	Install via RPM
Enable SSL	docs	Optionally enable SSL for API, Web
Configure your QUADS Move Command	docs	Configure your provisioning and move actions
Configure QUADS Crons	docs	Tell QUADS how to manage your infrastructure
Add Clouds and Hosts	docs	Configure your hosts and environments in QUADS
Host Metadata Model and Search	docs	Host metadata info and filtering
Using the JSON API	docs	Interacting with the RESTful JSON API
Using JIRA with QUADS	docs	Optional JIRA tools and library for QUADS

QUADS Workflow

You can read about QUADS architecture, provisioning, visuals and workflow in our documentation examples and screenshots

QUADS Switch and Host Setup

To ensure you have setup your network switches and bare-metal hosts properly please follow our Switch and Host Setup Docs

Installing QUADS

We support modern Fedora OS distributions using RPM packages.
While we will provide Docker/container files this is more for CI testing and isn't recommended or properly maintained for production deployments.

Installing QUADS from RPM

We build RPM packages for the Fedora distribution.
The following commands will install the QUADS package and all dependencies.

dnf copr enable quadsdev/python3-quads  -y
dnf install quads -y

Make sure the QUADS services are initialized via systemd:

systemctl start quads-{db,server,web}

Additionally, the quads-db needs to be initialized via the following command:

flask --app quads.server.app init-db

Now you're ready to go and start configuring QUADS environments, hosts, and other components below.
You should be able to access quads-web here now: http://QUADSVM and your QUADS API will also be available.
Make sure you open up TCP/80 and/or TCP/443 on your host firewall of choice, to enable SSL/TLS follow the next optional section.

Using SSL with Flask API and QUADS

This step is optional but may be welcoming due to recent HSTS enforcement in most browsers.

To enable TLS/SSL on QUADS (API, Web) you'll need to generate your own certificates, if you're cool with self-signed cerificates you can use this one-liner below, otherwise you should adapt this to signed TLS/SSL certificates from your IT department.

servername=$(hostname)
mkdir -p /etc/pki/tls/certs ; cd /etc/pki/tls/certs
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout $servername.key -out $servername.pem -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes -subj "/C=XX/ST=StateName/L=CityName/O=CompanyName/OU=CompanySectionName/CN=CommonNameOrHostname"

This generates your certificate and key here:

SSL Component	File System Path
Nginx Cert	/etc/pki/tls/certs/servername.pem
Nginx Key	/etc/pki/tls/certs/servername.key

Next you'll need to copy apiv3_ssl.conf.example into place as apiv3_ssl.conf

cd /etc/nginx/conf.d
cp apiv3_ssl.conf.example apiv3_ssl.conf

Lastly, in-line edit the configuration file to point to your generated cert/key pair.

servername=$(hostname) ; sed -i -e "s/quads.example.com/$servername/" /etc/nginx/conf.d/apiv3_ssl.conf

Lastly, restart nginx:

systemctl restart nginx

QUADS Wiki

The Wiki component for QUADS is fully managed by quads-web

Dynamic Wiki Content

Additional content can be added dynamically to the wiki by adding content to the /opt/quads/web directory.
The way directory is to be structured is so that any directory is considered as a submenu of the quads-web navigation bar with the exception of static directories which are ignored by the navbar generation and which contain any static files for all the html files.
Additionally, the "friendly" text on the links will match that of the file without undescores.
Any files without extensions will be considered direct links with the content of it being only the hyperlink in plain text.
The html files should be structured for the correct jinja templating that is expected like this:

    {% extends "base.html" %}
    {% block title %} INSERT TITLE HERE {% endblock %}

    {% block page_content %}
    INSERT HTML CONTENT HERE
    {% endblock %}

For static files such as images and css, all files go on the root /static directory and the src href has to be passed via url_for like this:

        <img
          loading="lazy"
          decoding="async"
          class="alignnone size-full wp-image-5616"
          src="{{url_for('content.static', filename='scale_lab_assignments-march-may.png')}}"
          alt=""
          width="1030"
          height="542"
        />

Ordering Elements in the Dynamic Wiki Content

The type of content in the /opt/quads/web directory are either files or directories.
Flat files are either html files which follow the jinja templating, or direct links files which contain a link to an external resource.
Directories are translated into sub-menus and in turn can contain flat files as described above.
In order to control the ordering of various elements, they can be named with numeric prefixes.
Custom flat file elements are listed first, followed by sub-menu (Directory) elements.
Example of unnumbered content is as follows. In this example, you will have a menu that contains Chat, Contact, FAQ, and Usage, followed by the Submenus Docs, Resources and Tickets

If you wish to order them, rename your files and directories and add integer prefixes. For example, the following will list the numbered elements followed by the un-numbered elements and would yield: FAQ, Usage, Chat, Contact, followed by the Submenus Tickets, Resources and Docs in that order.

Installing other QUADS Components

QUADS Move Command

QUADS relies on calling an external script, trigger or workflow to enact the actual provisioning of machines. You can look at and modify our move-and-rebuild-hosts tool to suit your environment for this purpose. Read more about this in the move-host-command section below.

Making QUADS Run

QUADS is a passive service and does not do anything you do not tell it to do. We control QUADS with cron commands.
We ship an example cron file and install it for you that should work out of the box, it just has entries commented out.
To enable QUADS services to run you'll need to uncomment them.

crontab -e

Major Components

Below are the major components run out of cron that makes everything work.

Service Command	Category	Purpose
quads --move-hosts	provisioning	checks for hosts to move/reclaim as scheduled
quads --validate-env	validation	checks clouds pending to be released for all enabled validation checks
quads --regen-heatmap	visualization	keeps your systems availability and usage visualization up to date
quads --regen-instack	openshift/openstack	keeps optional openstack triple-o installation files up-to-date
quads --notify	notifications	check and send email or webhook/IRC notifications on events and releases

External Services

Really just the Foreman RBAC tool is needed for bare functionality, though there are a number of tools for JIRA automation that we ship in the repository as well that might be useful.

Service Command	Category	Purpose
quads --foreman-rbac	RBAC	ensures environment user ownership maps to systems in Foreman

QUADS Usage Documentation

Adding New Hosts to QUADS

Define Initial Cloud Environments

Define the various cloud environments
These are the isolated environments QUADS will use and provision into for you.
Note that cloud01 is the designated "Spare Pool" where servers will go when they are first added and also when they have no active assignments to move to for a workload. You can name it anything you want by editing the QUADS configuration file /opt/quads/conf/quads.yml

quads --define-cloud --cloud cloud01
quads --define-cloud --cloud cloud02 --description "02 Cloud Environment"
quads --define-cloud --cloud cloud03 --description "03 Cloud Environment"

Define Host in QUADS and Foreman

Define your Server Models

Look for the models: key/value pair and add ones that accurately describe your fleet.
This can be any identifiable string, we have added some stock ones we use for example but anything that makes sense to you to distinguish system models, sub-models etc that works for your needs e.g. R750-IL-XG might be a sub-model of a Dell R750.
Models are used for filtering search, availability and other useful features and it's a mandatory data element you need to provide.

vi /opt/quads/conf/quads.yml

models: R620,R630,R640,R650,R930,R730XD,FC640

Now save this file and restart the QUADS server daemon.

systemctl restart quads-server

You will need to do this when you introduce new system models into your fleet if they are new.

Define your QUADS Hosts

Define the hosts in the environment (Foreman Example)
- Note the --host-type parameter, this is a mandatory, free-form label that can be anything. It will be used later for post-config automation and categorization.
- If you don't want systems to be reprovisioned when they move into a cloud environment append --no-wipe to the define command.
- We are excluding anything starting with mgmt- and including servers with the name r630.
- Note that you must define the model(s) of systems before you define them in the previous step.

for h in $(hammer host list --per-page 1000 | egrep -v "mgmt|c08-h30"| grep r630 | awk '{ print $3 }') ; do quads --define-host $h --default-cloud cloud01 --host-type general --model R630; done

The command without Foreman would be simply:

quads --define-host --host <hostname> --default-cloud cloud01 --host-type general --model R630

Define Host Interfaces in QUADS

Define the host interfaces, these are the internal interfaces you want QUADS to manage for VLAN automation
Do this for every interface you want QUADS to manage per host (we are working on auto-discovery of this step).
The variable default_pxe_interface on the quads.yml will set the default value of pxe_boot=True for that interface while any other interface will have a default value of False unless specified via --pxe-boot or --no-pxe-boot. This can be later modified via --mod-interface.

quads --add-interface --interface-name em1 --interface-mac 52:54:00:d9:5d:df --interface-switch-ip 10.12.22.201 --interface-port xe-0/0/1:0 --interface-vendor "Intel" --interface-speed 1000 --host <hostname>
quads --add-interface --interface-name em2 --interface-mac 52:54:00:d9:5d:dg --interface-switch-ip 10.12.22.201 --interface-port xe-0/0/1:1 --interface-vendor "Intel" --interface-speed 1000 --pxe-boot --host <hostname>
quads --add-interface --interface-name em3 --interface-mac 52:54:00:d9:5d:dh --interface-switch-ip 10.12.22.201 --interface-port xe-0/0/1:2 --interface-vendor "Intel" --interface-speed 1000 --host <hostname>
quads --add-interface --interface-name em4 --interface-mac 52:54:00:d9:5d:d1 --interface-switch-ip 10.12.22.201 --interface-port xe-0/0/1:3 --interface-vendor "Intel" --interface-speed 1000 --host <hostname>

To list the hosts:

quads --ls-hosts

You will now see the list of full hosts.

c08-h21-r630.example.com
c08-h22-r630.example.com
c08-h23-r630.example.com
c08-h24-r630.example.com
c08-h25-r630.example.com
c08-h26-r630.example.com
c08-h27-r630.example.com
c08-h28-r630.example.com
c08-h29-r630.example.com
c09-h01-r630.example.com
c09-h02-r630.example.com
c09-h03-r630.example.com

To list a hosts interface and switch information:

quads --ls-interface --host c08-h21-r630.example.com

{"name": "em1", "mac_address": "52:54:00:d9:5d:df", "switch_ip": "10.12.22.201", "switch_port": "xe-0/0/1:0"}
{"name": "em2", "mac_address": "52:54:00:d9:5d:dg", "switch_ip": "10.12.22.201", "switch_port": "xe-0/0/1:1"}
{"name": "em3", "mac_address": "52:54:00:d9:5d:dh", "switch_ip": "10.12.22.201", "switch_port": "xe-0/0/1:2"}
{"name": "em4", "mac_address": "52:54:00:d9:5d:d1", "switch_ip": "10.12.22.201", "switch_port": "xe-0/0/1:3"}

To see the current system allocations:

quads --summary

cloud01 : 45 (Primary Cloud Environment)
cloud02 : 22 (02 Cloud Environment)

For a more detailed summary of current system allocations use --detail

quads --summary --detail

cloud01 (quads): 45 (Primary Cloud Environment) - 451
cloud02 (jdoe): 22 (02 Cloud Environment) - 462

For including clouds with no active assignments use --all

quads --summary --detail --all

cloud01 (quads): 45 (Primary Cloud Environment) - 451
cloud02 (jdoe): 22 (02 Cloud Environment) - 462
cloud03 (jhoffa): 0 (03 Cloud Environment) - 367

NOTE:

The format here is based on the following: {cloud_name} ({owner}): {count} ({description}) - {ticket_number}

Define a custom schedule for a host
- Example: assign host c08-h21 to the workload/cloud cloud02

quads --add-schedule --host c08-h21-r630.example.com --schedule-start "2016-07-11 08:00" --schedule-end "2016-07-12 08:00" --schedule-cloud cloud02

List the schedule for a specific host:

quads --ls-schedule --host c08-h21-r630.example.com

You'll see the schedule output below

Default cloud: cloud01
Current cloud: cloud02
Defined schedules:
  0:
    start: 2016-07-11 08:00
    end: 2016-07-12 08:00
    cloud: cloud02

Move any hosts that need to be re-allocated based on the current schedule

quads --move-hosts

You should see the following verbosity from a move operation

INFO: Moving c08-h21-r630.example.com from cloud01 to cloud02 c08-h21-r630.example.com cloud01 cloud02

How Provisioning Works

QUADS Move Host Command

In QUADS, a move-command is the actionable call that provisions and moves a set of systems from one cloud environment to the other. Via cron, QUADS routinely queries the existing schedules and when it comes time for a set of systems to move to a new environment or be reclaimed and moved back to the spare pool it will run the appropriate varation of your move-command.

In the above example the default move command called /bin/echo for illustration purposes. In order for this to do something more meaningful you should invoke a script with the --move-command option, which should be the path to a valid command or provisioning script/workflow.

Define your move command by pointing QUADS to an external command, trigger or script if not using ours.
This expects three arguments hostname current-cloud new-cloud.
Runs against all hosts according to the QUADS schedule.

quads --move-hosts --move-command quads/tools/move_and_rebuild_hosts.py

QUADS Move Host Command Dry Run

You can use the quads --move-hosts --dry-run command to report what QUADS would do but only report it with no action.
You can also use the --date flag to see what actions might take place at a certain future time e.g.:

quads --move-hosts --dry-run --date "2024-12-24 22:00"

Moving d16-h01-000-r650.example.com from cloud37 to cloud01, wipe = False
Moving d16-h06-000-r650.example.com from cloud60 to cloud01, wipe = False
Moving d16-h07-000-r650.example.com cloud60 to cloud01, wipe = False

You can also modify the default move_command in quads.
You can look at the move-and-rebuild-hosts tool as an example. It's useful to note that with move_and_rebuild.py passing a fourth argument will result in only the network automation running and the actual host provisioning will be skipped. You should review this script and adapt it to your needs, we try to make variables for everything but some assumptions are made to fit our running environments.

QUADS Reporting

Future Assignment Reporting

As of QUADS 1.1.6 we now have the --report-detailed command which will list all upcoming future assignments that are scheduled. You can also specify custom start and end dates via --schedule-start "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM" and --schedule-stop "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM"

quads --report-detailed

Example Output

Owner    |    Ticket|    Cloud| Description| Systems|  Scheduled| Duration|
tcruise  |      1034|  cloud20|   Openshift|       6| 2022-02-06|       14|
cwalken  |      1031|  cloud19|   Openstack|       6| 2022-02-06|       14|
bhicks   |      1029|  cloud18| Openstack-B|       4| 2022-02-06|       14|
nreeves  |      1028|  cloud11| Openshift-P|       2| 2022-02-06|       14|
gcarlin  |      1026|  cloud08|        Ceph|       4| 2022-02-06|       14|

Server Availability Overview Report

Generate a report with a list of server types with total count of systems and their current and future availability plus an average build time delta overall

quads --report-available

Example output

Quads report for 2019-12-01 to 2019-12-31:
Percentage Utilized: 60%
Average build delta: 0:00:26.703556
Server Type | Total|  Free| Scheduled| 2 weeks| 4 weeks
r620        |     5|     0|      100%|       0|       0
1029p       |     3|     3|        0%|       3|       3

Additionally, you can pass --schedule-start and --schedule-end dates for reports in the past. 2 weeks and 4 weeks free calculate starting days from the first Sunday following when the command was run, or return current day at 22:01 if run on Sunday.

Assignment Scheduling Statistics

Generate a report detailing systems and scheduling utilization over the course of months or years.

quads --report-scheduled --months 6

Example Output

Month   | Scheduled|  Systems|  % Utilized|
2022-02 |         1|     1268|         42%|
2022-01 |         9|     1268|         66%|
2022-02 |         1|     1268|         42%|
2021-09 |        10|     1226|         83%|
2021-08 |        14|     1215|         77%|
2021-07 |         3|     1215|         87%|

Upcoming Scheduled Assignments Report

Generate statistics on the number of assigned clouds in quads over a period of months in the past starting today or on a specific year.

quads --report-scheduled --months 6

Example output

Month   | Scheduled|  Systems|  % Utilized|
2019-12 |         0|        8|         58%|
2019-11 |         2|        8|         62%|
2019-10 |        15|        8|         20%|
2019-09 |         0|        0|          0%|
2019-08 |         0|        0|          0%|

Additionally, you can pass --year instead for a report for every month in that year.

Customizing Environment Web Details

Changing the Default Lab Name

Until this RFE is completed you'll need to change your lab name, or what you want to call your QUADS-managed environment in two separate quads-web files:

Edit the inventory.html
Edit the navbar.html

Restart quads-web to take effect.

systemctl restart quads-web

Common Administration Tasks

Creating a New Cloud Assignment and Schedule

Creating a new schedule and assigning machines is currently done through the QUADS CLI. There are a few options you'll want to utilize. Mandatory options are in bold and optional are in italics.

description (this will appear on the assignments dynamic wiki)
cloud-owner (for associating ownership and usage notifications)
force (needed for re-using an existing cloud)
cc-users (Add additional people to notifications, comma-separated)
cloud-ticket (RT ticket used for the work, also appears in the assignments dynamic wiki)
wipe (whether to reprovision machines going into this cloud, default is 1 or wipe.

QUADS VLAN Options

This pertains to the internal interfaces that QUADS will manage for you to move sets of hosts between environments based on a schedule. For setting up optional publicly routable VLANS please see the QUADS public vlan setup steps

VLAN design (optional, will default to qinq: 0 below)
qinq: 0 (default) qinq VLAN separation by interface: primary, secondary and beyond QUADS-managed interfaces all match the same VLAN membership across other hosts in the same cloud allocation. Each interface per host is in its own VLAN, and these match across the rest of your allocated hosts by interface (all nic1, all nic2, all nic3, all nic4 etc).
qinq: 1 all QUADS-managed interfaces in the same qinq VLAN. For this to take effect you need to pass the optional argument of --qinq 1 to the --define-cloud command.
You can use the command quads --ls-qinq to view your current assignment VLAN configuration:

quads --ls-qinq

cloud01: 0 (Isolated)
cloud02: 1 (Combined)
cloud03: 0 (Isolated)
cloud04: 1 (Combined)

Optional QUADS Public VLAN

If you need to associate a public vlan (routable) with your cloud, quads currently supports associating your last NIC per host with one of your defined public VLANs (see the QUADS public vlan setup steps).

To define your cloud with a public VLAN, use the following syntax:

quads --define-cloud --cloud cloud03 [ other define-cloud options ] --vlan 601

If you need to clear the vlan association with your cloud, you can pass any string to the --vlan argument in --mod-cloud

quads --mod-cloud --cloud cloud03 --vlan none

Defining a New Cloud

quads --define-cloud --cloud cloud03 --description "Messaging AMQ" --cloud-owner epresley --cc-users "jdoe, jhoffa" --cloud-ticket 423625 --qinq 1

Note: in QUADS 1.1.4 you can change any of these values selectively via the --mod-cloud command described below.
Note: in QUADS 2.0 the --force command is no longer needed for defining inactive environments future use.

Now that you've defined your new cloud you'll want to allocate machines and a schedule.
- We're going to find the first 20 Dell r620's and assign them as an example.

Adding New Hosts to your Cloud

quads --cloud-only --cloud cloud01 | grep r620 | head -20 > /tmp/RT423624

Now we'll allocate all of these hosts with a schedule, by default our system times use UTC.

quads --host-list /tmp/RT423624 --add-schedule --schedule-start "2016-10-17 00:00" --schedule-end "2016-11-14 17:00" --schedule-cloud cloud03

Adding New Hosts to your Cloud with JIRA Integration

NOTE If you are using JIRA integration features with QUADS 1.1.5 and higher you can utilize --host-list along with a list of hosts and it will take care of updating your --cloud-ticket in JIRA for you in one swoop.

quads --add-schedule --host-list /tmp/hosts --schedule-start "2021-04-20 22:00" --schedule-end "2021-05-02 22:00" --schedule-cloud cloud20

That's it. At this point your hosts will be queued for provision and move operations, we check once a minute if there are any pending provisioning tasks. To check manually:

quads --move-hosts --dry-run

After your hosts are provisioned and moved you should see them populate under the cloud list.

quads --cloud-only --cloud cloud03

Managing Faulty Hosts

Starting with 1.1.4 QUADS can manage broken or faulty hosts for you and ensure they are ommitted from being added to a future schedule or listed as available. Prior to 1.1.4 this is managed via the Foreman host parameter broken_state (true/false).

Listing all broken systems.

# quads --ls-broken
f18-h22-000-r620.stage.example.com

Marking a system as faulty

# quads --mark-broken --host f18-h23-000-r620.example.com
Host f18-h23-000-r620.example.com is now marked as broken

Marking a system as repaired or no longer faulty.

# quads --mark-repaired --host f18-h23-000-r620.example.com
Host f18-h23-000-r620.example.com is now marked as repaired.

Hosts marked as faulty will be ommitted from --ls-available
Hosts marked as faulty are not able to be scheduled until they are marked as repaired again.

Migrating to QUADS-managed Host Health

If you previously used the broken_state Foreman host parameter to manage your broken or out-of-service systems within your fleet you'll want to migrate to using the new methodology of the QUADS database handling this for you for versions 1.1.4 and higher.
You can use the following command to query Foreman and convert broken_state host parameters and status into QUADS:

for h in $(hammer host list --per-page 1000 --search params.broken_state=true | grep $(egrep ^domain /opt/quads/conf/quads.yml | awk '{ print $NF }') | awk '{ print $3 }') ; do quads --mark-broken --host $h ; done

Managing Retired Hosts

With QUADS 1.1.5 and higher we now have the --retire, --unretire and --ls-retire features to manage decomissioning or reviving hosts.
Hosts marked as retired will still retain their scheduling history and data, but will not show as available unless filtered.
- To list retired hosts:

quads --ls-retire

To retire a host:

quads --retire --host host01.example.com

To unretire a host:

quads --unretire --host host01.example.com

Retiring Hosts

Before retiring a host you should move it back to your resource pool first, in our case this is cloud01.
This requires shrinking any active schedules on the host.
The below command will shrink any active schedules on those hosts without prompting to terminate immediately.

for host in $(cat /tmp/retired_hosts); do yes | quads --shrink --host $host --now; done

After this the defined --move-host command will want to move these back to your resource pool and power them off.
retired hosts will remain officially in your resource pool but not show up in any visualizations or usage reporting, however their past usage history will all be available for record keeping and data requirements.

Extending the Schedule of an Existing Cloud

Occasionally you'll want to extend the lifetime of a particular assignment. QUADS lets you do this with one command but you'll want to double-check things first. In this example we'll be extending the assignment end date for cloud02

In QUADS version 1.1.4 or higher or the current latest branch you can extend a cloud environment with a simple command.

quads --extend --cloud cloud02 --weeks 2 --check

This will check whether or not the environment can be extended without conflicts.

To go ahead and extend it remove the --check

quads --extend --cloud cloud02 --weeks 2

Extending the Schedule of a Specific Host

You might also want to extend the lifetime of a specific host. In this example we'll be extending the assignment end date for host01.

quads --extend --host host01 --weeks 2 --check

This will check whether or not the environment can be extended without conflicts.

To go ahead and extend it remove the --check

quads --extend --host host01 --weeks 2

Shrinking the Schedule of an Existing Cloud

Occasionally you'll want to shrink the lifetime of a particular assignment. In this example we'll be shrinking the assignment end date for cloud02

quads --shrink --cloud cloud02 --weeks 2 --check

This will check whether or not the environment can be shrunk without conflicts.

To go ahead and shrink it remove the --check

quads --shrink --cloud cloud02 --weeks 2

Shrinking the Schedule of a Specific Host

You might also want to shrink the lifetime of a specific host. In this example we'll be shrinking the assignment end date for host01.

quads --shrink --host host01 --weeks 2 --check

This will check whether or not the host schedule can be shrunk without conflicts.

To go ahead and shrink it remove the --check

quads --shrink --host host01 --weeks 2

Terminating a Schedule

If you would like to terminate the lifetime of a schedule at either a host or cloud level, you can pass the --now argument instead of --weeks which will set the schedules end date to now. In this example we'll be terminating the assignment end date for cloud02.

quads --shrink --cloud cloud02 --now --check

This will check whether or not the environment can be terminated without conflicts.

To go ahead and terminate it remove the --check

quads --shrink --cloud cloud02 --now

Adding Hosts to an existing Cloud

QUADS also supports adding new machines into an existing workload (cloud).

Search Availability Pool for Free Servers
- Let's look for any 5 x servers from 2019-03-11 22:00 until 2019-04-22 22:00

quads --ls-available --schedule-start "2016-12-05 08:00" --schedule-end "2016-12-15 08:00"

c03-h11-r620.rdu.openstack.example.com
c03-h13-r620.rdu.openstack.example.com
c03-h14-r620.rdu.openstack.example.com
c03-h15-r620.rdu.openstack.example.com

Move New Hosts into Existing Cloud

Above we see all the free servers during our timeframe, let's move them into cloud10

quads --host c03-h11-r620.rdu.openstack.example.com --add-schedule --schedule-start "2016-12-05 08:00" --schedule-end "2016-12-15 08:00" --schedule-cloud cloud10
quads --host c03-h13-r620.rdu.openstack.example.com --add-schedule --schedule-start "2016-12-05 08:00" --schedule-end "2016-12-15 08:00" --schedule-cloud cloud10
quads --host c03-h14-r620.rdu.openstack.example.com --add-schedule --schedule-start "2016-12-05 08:00" --schedule-end "2016-12-15 08:00" --schedule-cloud cloud10
quads --host c03-h15-r620.rdu.openstack.example.com --add-schedule --schedule-start "2016-12-05 08:00" --schedule-end "2016-12-15 08:00" --schedule-cloud cloud10

Removing a Schedule

You can remove an existing schedule across a set of hosts using the --rm-schedule flag against the schedule ID for each particular machine of that assignment.

Example: removing the schedule for three machines in cloud
Obtain the schedule ID via quads --ls-schedule --host

quads --rm-schedule --schedule-id 2
quads --rm-schedule --schedule-id 3
quads --rm-schedule --schedule-id 4

NOTE: Previous versions of QUADS required passing --host. This is not required on QUADS 2.0 onwards as the schedule Ids are now unique.

Removing a Schedule across a large set of hosts

You should search for either the start or end dates to select the right schedule ID to remove when performing schedule removals across a large set of hosts.

If you are using QUADS in any serious capacity always pick this option.
Example: removing schedule by searching for start date.
Often machine schedule ID's are different for the same schedule across a set of machines, this ensures you remove the right one.

for host in $(cat /tmp/452851); do quads --rm-schedule --schedule-id $(quads --ls-schedule --host $host | grep cloud08 | grep "start=2017-08-06" | tail -1 | awk -F\| '{ print $1 }'); echo Done. ; done

Removing a Host from QUADS

To remove a host entirely from QUADS management you can use the --rm-host command.

quads --rm-host f03-h30-000-r720xd.rdu2.example.com
Removed: {'host': 'f03-h30-000-r720xd.rdu2.example.com'}

Modifying a Host Schedule

Host schedules are managed by unique schedule ID's which can be viewed via the --ls-schedule command.
To modify a host schedule use the --mod-schedule --schedule-id command and either --schedule-start or --schedule-end or both as needed.
Before using this, make sure it's not easier to simply use --shrink or --extend and sub-commands across the entire cloud/environments or even per-host first.

quads --mod-schedule --host host01.example.com --mod-schedule --schedule-id 31 --schedule-start "2023-05-22 22 :00" --schedule-end "2023-06-22 22:00"

Modifying a Host Schedule across a large set of hosts

You may often need to modify the same schedule ID across a large set of hosts, in this scenario you can use the following one-liner:
You will want to filter for the specific cloudname and at least one schedule start or stop identifier (since environments are re-used).
- In this example we use cloud06 and start=2023-03-13 to make sure our --mod-schedule command is unique.
It's also a good idea to do this first by prepending echo to quads to ensure that the schedule-id are matched.

for host in $(cat /tmp/2491); do quads --mod-schedule --schedule-id $(quads --ls-schedule --host $host | grep cloud06 | grep "start=2023-03-13" | tail -1 | awk -F\| '{ print $1 }') --host $host --schedule-start "2023-03-12 22:00" ; done

Modify a Host Interface

To remove a host entirely from QUADS management you can use the --rm-host command.

quads --mod-interface --interface-name em1 --host f03-h30-000-r720xd.rdu2.example.com --no-pxe-boot
Interface successfully updated

Remove a Host Interface

To remove a host entirely from QUADS management you can use the --rm-host command.

quads --rm-interface --interface-name em1 --host f03-h30-000-r720xd.rdu2.example.com
Resource properly removed

Using the QUADS JSON API

All QUADS actions under the covers uses the JSON API v3

Filtering Systems by Hardware Capability

We provide a flexible host hardware metadata and filtering model via the API.

Additional Tools and Commands

Verify or Correct Cloud and Host Network Switch Settings

The tool /opt/quads/quads/verify_switchconf.py can be used to both validate and correct network switch configs.
This can be run at a cloud level (and with 1.1.5+ also at the per-host level).
It's advised to run it first without --change to see if it would fix something.
This will also check/correct optional routable VLANs if those are in use.
To validate a clouds network config:

/opt/quads/quads/tools/verify_switchconf.py --cloud cloud10

To validate and fix a clouds network config use --change

/opt/quads/quads/tools/verify_switchconf.py --cloud cloud10 --change

To validate a singular hosts network switch configuration:

/opt/quads/quads/tools/verify_switchconf.py --host host01.example.com

To validate and fix a single hosts network config use --change

/opt/quads/quads/tools/verify_switchconf.py --host host01.example.com --change

To straddle clouds and place a single host into a cloud it does not belong in (rare use case):

/opt/quads/quads/tools/verify_switchconf.py --host host01.example.com --cloud cloud10

Note, if host01.example.com is not in cloud10, but rather cloud20, you will see the following output:

WARNING - Both --cloud and --host have been specified.
WARNING -
WARNING - Host: host01.example.com
WARNING - Cloud: cloud10
WARNING -
WARNING - However, host01.example.com is a member of cloud20
WARNING -
WARNING - !!!!! Be certain this is what you want to do. !!!!!
WARNING -

Modify or check a specific Host Network Switch Settings

With the modify_switch_conf.py tool you can set up each individual network interface to a specific vlan id.
Passing the --change argument will make the changes effective in the switch. Not passing this will only verify the configuration is set to the desired.

/opt/quads/quads/tools/modify_switch_conf.py --host host01.example.com --nic1 1400 --nic2 1401 --nic3 1400 --nic4 1402 --nic5 1400

All --nic* arguments are optional so this can be also done individually for all nics.

Mapping Interface to VLAN ID

An easy way to figure out what VLAN corresponds to what generic em interface in the QUADS --ls-interfaces information we now include the following tool:

./opt/quads/quads/tools/ls_switch_conf.py --cloud cloud32
INFO - Cloud qinq: 1
INFO - Interface em1 appears to be a member of VLAN 1410
INFO - Interface em2 appears to be a member of VLAN 1410

This tool also accepts the --all argument which will list a detail for all hosts in the cloud.

Additional you can achieve the same with the following shell one-liner, setting cloud=XX for the cloud and adjusting $(seq 1 4) for your interface ranges available on the host.

cloud=32 ; origin=1100 ; offset=$(expr $(expr $cloud - 1) \* 10); vl=$(expr $origin + $offset) ;for i in $(seq 1 4) ; do vlan=$(expr $vl + $i - 1) ; echo "em$i is interface VLAN $vlan in cloud$cloud" ; done

em1 is interface VLAN 1400 in cloud32
em2 is interface VLAN 1401 in cloud32
em3 is interface VLAN 1402 in cloud32
em4 is interface VLAN 1403 in cloud32

You can then use this information to map specific interfaces into other VLAN/clouds as required for more one-off or ad-hoc requirements beyond the standard VLAN modes that QUADS currently supports.
Note that this would be an example for the default Q-in-Q 0 (isolated) VLAN configuration. The Q-in-Q 1 (combined) configuration would simple be VLAN1400 for all interfaces above respectively.

Modifying Cloud-level Attributes

You can redefine or change any aspects of an already-defined cloud starting in 1.1.4 with the --mod-cloud command.
This can be done a per-parameter or combined basis:

quads --mod-cloud --cloud cloud02 --cloud-owner jhoffa

quads --mod-cloud --cloud cloud04 --cc-users "tpetty, fmercury"

quads --mod-cloud --cloud cloud06 --vlan 604 --wipe

quads --mod-cloud --cloud cloud50 --no-wipe

quads --mod-cloud --cloud cloud50 --vlan none

Looking into the Future

Because QUADS knows about all future schedules you can display what your environment will look like at any point in time using the --date command.
Looking into a specific environment by date

quads --cloud-only --cloud cloud08 --date "2019-06-04 22:00"

f16-h01-000-1029u.rdu2.example.com
f16-h02-000-1029u.rdu2.example.com
f16-h03-000-1029u.rdu2.example.com
f16-h05-000-1029u.rdu2.example.com
f16-h06-000-1029u.rdu2.example.com

Looking at all schedules by date

quads --ls-schedule --date "2020-06-04 22:00"

Dry Run for Pending Actions

You can see what's in progress or set to provision via the --dry-run sub-flag of --move-hosts

quads --move-hosts --dry-run

INFO: Moving b10-h27-r620.rdu.openstack.example.com from cloud01 to cloud03
INFO: Moving c02-h18-r620.rdu.openstack.example.com from cloud01 to cloud03
INFO: Moving c02-h19-r620.rdu.openstack.example.com from cloud01 to cloud03
INFO: Moving c02-h21-r620.rdu.openstack.example.com from cloud01 to cloud03
INFO: Moving c02-h25-r620.rdu.openstack.example.com from cloud01 to cloud03
INFO: Moving c02-h26-r620.rdu.openstack.example.com from cloud01 to cloud03

Find Free Cloud Environment

You can use quads --find-free-cloud to suggest a cloud environment to use that does not have any future hosts scheduled to use it.

quads --find-free-cloud

cloud12
cloud16
cloud17
cloud18

Find Available Hosts

The --ls-available functionality lets you search for available hosts in the future based on a date range or other criteria.
- Find based on a date range:

quads --ls-available --schedule-start "2019-12-05 08:00" --schedule-end "2019-12-15 08:00"

Find based on starting now with an end range:

quads --ls-available --schedule-end "2019-06-02 22:00"

Find Available Hosts based on Hardware or Model

In QUADS 1.1.4 and higher you can now filter your availability search based on hardware capabilities or model type.
Using this feature requires importing hardware metadata
Example below using --filter "model==1029U-TRTP"

quads --ls-available --schedule-start "2020-08-02 22:00" --schedule-end "2020-08-16 22:00" --filter "model==1029U-TRTP"

Listing retired hosts can now use the --filter feature:

quads --ls-hosts --filter "retired==True"

Listing specific hosts from a certain cloud:

quads --cloud-only --cloud cloud13 --filter "model==FC640"

Find Available Web Interface

We now have a Flask-based --ls-available web interface available on quadshost.
This is provided via the quads-web systemd service.
You will need to seed the models data for your systems using the new host metadata feature

Control + click can select more than one model
Not selecting a model assumes a search for anything available.

Find a System by MAC Address

You can utilize the new metadata model and --filter command in 1.1.4 and above along with --ls-hosts to search for a system by MAC Address.

quads --ls-hosts --filter "interfaces.mac_address==ac:1f:6b:2d:19:48"

Find Systems by Switch IP Address

You can list what systems are connected to a switch by querying the ip_address (soon to be switch_ip in 1.1.7) information from the interfaces datasource.

quads --ls-hosts --filter "interfaces.ip_address==10.1.34.210"

Using JIRA with QUADS

We utilize the JIRA ticketing system internally for R&D infrastructure requests managed by QUADS.
We do provide some best-effort tooling and a JIRA library to bridge automation gaps.
- For more information see Using JIRA with QUADS

Backing up QUADS

We do not implement backups for QUADS for you, but it's really easy to do on your own via Postgres pg_dumpall

su - postgres -c "pg_dumpall --clean > /tmp/quadsdb.sql"

Configuration files are all kept in /opt/quads/conf

Restoring QUADS from Backup

You can restore a QUADS databasea via Postgres psql and everything is in the database and /opt/quads/conf files.
Restoring just the quads database:

su - postgres -c "psql -d quads -f /tmp/quadsdb.sql"

Restoring the entire database:

su - postgres -c "psql -f /tmp/quadsdb.sql"

Troubleshooting Validation Failures

A useful part of QUADS is the functionality for automated systems/network validation. Below you'll find some steps to help understand why systems/networks might not pass validation so you can address any issues.

Understanding Validation Structure

There are two main validation tests that occur before a cloud environment is automatically released:

Foreman Systems Validation ensures that no target systems in your environment are marked for build.
VLAN Network Validation ensures that all the backend interfaces in your isolated VLANs are reachable via fping

All of these validations are run from --validate-env and we also ship a few useful tools to help you figure out validation failures.

--validate-env is run from cron, see our example cron entry

Troubleshooting Steps

You should run through each of these steps manually to determine what systems/networks might need attention of automated validation does not pass in a reasonable timeframe. Typically, admin_cc: will receieve email notifications of trouble hosts as well.

General Availability can be checked via a simple fping command, this should be run first.

quads --cloud-only --cloud cloud23 > /tmp/cloud23
fping -u -f /tmp/cloud23

Foreman Systems Validation can be run via the hammer cli command provided by gem install hammer_cli_foreman_admin hammer_cli

for host in $(quads --cloud-only --cloud cloud15) ; do echo $host $(hammer host info --name $host | grep -i build); done

No systems should be left marked for build.

Validation using Debug Mode

NOTE Automated validation will not start until 2 hours after the assignment is scheduled to go out, until this point --validate-env will not attempt to validate any systems if run and they have started less than 2 hours ago.
- This can be set via the validation_grace_period: setting in /opt/quads/conf/quads.yml
--validate-env now has a --debug option which tells you what's happening during validation.
This will test the backend network connectivity part and the entire set of checks.
Successful Validation looks like this:

quads --validate-env --debug

Validating cloud23
Using selector: EpollSelector
:Initializing Foreman object:
GET: /status
GET: /hosts?search=build=true
Command executed successfully: fping -u f12-h01-000-1029u.rdu2.scalelab.example.com f12-h02-000-1029u.rdu2.scalelab.example.com f12-h03-000-1029u.rdu2.scalelab.example.com
Command executed successfully: fping -u 172.16.38.126 172.20.38.126 172.16.36.206
Command executed successfully: fping -u 172.17.38.126 172.21.38.126 172.17.36.206
Command executed successfully: fping -u 172.18.38.126 172.22.38.126 172.18.36.206
Command executed successfully: fping -u 172.19.38.126 172.23.38.126 172.19.36.206
Subject: Validation check succeeded for cloud23
From: RDU2 Scale Lab <quads@example.com>
To: dev-null@example.com
Cc: wfoster@example.com, kambiz@example.com, jtaleric@example.com,
 abond@example.com, grafuls@example.com, natashba@example.com
Reply-To: dev-null@example.com
User-Agent: Rufus Postman 1.0.99
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
MIME-Version: 1.0

A post allocation check previously failed for:

   cloud: cloud23
   owner: ipinto
   ticket: 498569

has successfully passed the verification test(s)!  The owner
should receive a notification that the environment is ready
for use.

DevOps Team

 cloud23 / ipinto / 498569

Unsuccessful Validation looks like this:

quads --validate-env --debug

Validating cloud23
Using selector: EpollSelector
:Initializing Foreman object:
GET: /status
GET: /hosts?search=build=true
There was something wrong with your request
ICMP Host Unreachable from 10.1.38.126 for ICMP Echo sent to f12-h14-000-1029u.rdu2.scalelab.example.com (10.1.38.43)

ICMP Host Unreachable from 10.1.38.126 for ICMP Echo sent to f12-h14-000-1029u.rdu2.scalelab.example.com (10.1.38.43)

ICMP Host Unreachable from 10.1.38.126 for ICMP Echo sent to f12-h14-000-1029u.rdu2.scalelab.example.com (10.1.38.43)

ICMP Host Unreachable from 10.1.38.126 for ICMP Echo sent to f12-h14-000-1029u.rdu2.scalelab.example.com (10.1.38.43)

Skipping Past Network Validation

In QUADS 1.1.6+ you can skip past network validation via:

quads --validate-env --skip-network

Skipping Past Host and Systems Validation

In QUADS 1.1.8 you can skip past systems and host validation (Foreman) via:

/opt/quads/quads/tools/validate_env.py --skip-system

Skipping Past Network and Systems Validation per Host

In QUADS 1.1.8 you can skip past both systems and network checks per host via:

/opt/quads/quads/tools/validate_env.py --skip-hosts host01.example.com host02.example.com

Effectively, any host listed with --skip-hosts will pass it completely through validation.
This can be used in combination with --skip-system and --skip-network as well.

Validate Only a Specific Cloud

If you want to validate only a certain cloud you can do so by specifying the cloud's name with the --cloud flag.

quads --validate-env --cloud cloud01

Mapping Internal VLAN Interfaces to Problem Hosts

You might have noticed that we configure our Foreman templates to drop 172.{16,17,18,19}.x internal VLAN interfaces which correspond to the internal, QUADS-managed multi-tenant interfaces across a set of hosts in a cloud assignment.

The first two octets here can be substituted by the first two octets of your systems public network in order to determine from validate_env.py --debug which host internal interfaces have issues or are unreachable.

Above, we can run the host command to determine what these machines map to by substituting 10.1 for the first two octects:

# for host in 10.1.37.231 10.1.38.150; do host $host; done
231.37.1.10.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer e17-h26-b04-fc640.example.com.
150.38.1.10.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer e17-h26-b03-fc640.example.com.

Below you can see the code that maintains this mapping and assumptions:

This mapping feeds into our VLAN network validation code

Validating after Removing Hosts

There is currently a corner-case bug where removing host(s) prior to the assignment being released may make quads --validate-env do nothing.
You'll need to workaround this in the Postgres database:
- Connect to postgres

sudo -u postgres psql

Connect to the QUADS database

postgres=# \c quads;
You are now connected to database "quads" as user "postgres".

Find the ID of your problem environment

quads=# select * from clouds where name = 'cloud17';
 id |  name   |   last_redefined
----+---------+---------------------
 18 | cloud17 | 2024-10-01 06:00:00
(1 row)

Look at the flags set for that environment, specifically provisioned if it's f or t (true or false)

quads=# select * from assignments where cloud_id = 18;

 id | active | provisioned | validated |   description    |  owner  | ticket | qinq | wipe |
                                                                         | cloud_id | vlan_id |        created_at
----+--------+-------------+-----------+------------------+---------+--------+------+------+-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+--------------------------
 54 | t      | f           | f         | template testing | wfoster | 3798   |    0 | t    | \x80059545000000000000008c1673716c616c6368656d792e6578
654c6973749493945d94288c0767726166756c73948c066b616d62697a9465859452942e |       18 |         | 2024-10-01 06:00:07.0437
(1 row)

Now toggle the provisioned flag to True (t)

quads=# update assignments set provisioned = true where id = 54;
UPDATE 1

Check one more time, it should have updated.

quads=# select * from assignments where cloud_id = 18;
 id | active | provisioned | validated |   description    |  owner  | ticket | qinq | wipe |
                                                                         | cloud_id | vlan_id |        created_at
----+--------+-------------+-----------+------------------+---------+--------+------+------+-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+---------+--------------------------
 54 | t      | t           | f         | template testing | wfoster | 3798   |    0 | t    | \x80059545000000000000008c1673716c616c6368656d792e6578
654c6973749493945d94288c0767726166756c73948c066b616d62697a9465859452942e |       18 |         | 2024-10-01 06:00:07.0437
(1 row)

Now your new assignment should get proper attention from quads --validate-env

Contact QUADS Developers

Besides Github we're also on IRC via irc.libera.chat. You can click here to join in your browser.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
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conf		conf
container		container
cron		cron
docs		docs
image		image
rpm		rpm
src		src
systemd		systemd
templates		templates
tests		tests
.coveragerc		.coveragerc
.env.example		.env.example
.flake8		.flake8
.gitignore		.gitignore
.gitreview		.gitreview
.pre-commit-config.yaml		.pre-commit-config.yaml
CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md		CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
CONTRIBUTING.md		CONTRIBUTING.md
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
pyproject.toml		pyproject.toml
requirements.txt		requirements.txt
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License

redhat-performance/quads

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QUADS (quick and dirty scheduler)

What does it do?

Design

Requirements

Setup Overview

QUADS Workflow

QUADS Switch and Host Setup

Installing QUADS

Installing QUADS from RPM

Using SSL with Flask API and QUADS

QUADS Wiki

Dynamic Wiki Content

Ordering Elements in the Dynamic Wiki Content

Installing other QUADS Components

QUADS Move Command

Making QUADS Run

Major Components

External Services

QUADS Usage Documentation

Adding New Hosts to QUADS

Define Initial Cloud Environments

Define Host in QUADS and Foreman

Define your Server Models

Define your QUADS Hosts

Define Host Interfaces in QUADS

How Provisioning Works

QUADS Move Host Command

QUADS Move Host Command Dry Run

QUADS Reporting

Future Assignment Reporting

Server Availability Overview Report

Assignment Scheduling Statistics

Upcoming Scheduled Assignments Report

Customizing Environment Web Details

Changing the Default Lab Name

Common Administration Tasks

Creating a New Cloud Assignment and Schedule

QUADS VLAN Options

Optional QUADS Public VLAN

Defining a New Cloud

Adding New Hosts to your Cloud

Adding New Hosts to your Cloud with JIRA Integration

Managing Faulty Hosts

Migrating to QUADS-managed Host Health

Managing Retired Hosts

Retiring Hosts

Extending the Schedule of an Existing Cloud

Extending the Schedule of a Specific Host

Shrinking the Schedule of an Existing Cloud

Shrinking the Schedule of a Specific Host

Terminating a Schedule

Adding Hosts to an existing Cloud

Removing a Schedule

Removing a Schedule across a large set of hosts

Removing a Host from QUADS

Modifying a Host Schedule

Modifying a Host Schedule across a large set of hosts

Modify a Host Interface

Remove a Host Interface

Using the QUADS JSON API

Filtering Systems by Hardware Capability

Additional Tools and Commands

Verify or Correct Cloud and Host Network Switch Settings

Modify or check a specific Host Network Switch Settings

Mapping Interface to VLAN ID

Modifying Cloud-level Attributes

Looking into the Future

Dry Run for Pending Actions

Find Free Cloud Environment

Find Available Hosts

Find Available Hosts based on Hardware or Model

Find Available Web Interface

Find a System by MAC Address

Find Systems by Switch IP Address