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Using RemObjects Pascal Script

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evgeny-k edited this page Aug 24, 2012 · 1 revision

This article provides an overview of the new RemObjects Pascal Script and explains how to create some simple scripts.

Pascal Script comprises two different parts:

  • Compiler (uPSCompiler.pas)
  • Runtime (uPSRuntime.pas)

The two parts have no interdependencies. You can use them directly, or you can use them in the TPSScript component, which can be found in the uPSComponent.pas unit, and wraps them both in one easy to use class.

To use the component version of Pascal Script, you must first place it on your form or data module, set or assign the script property and call the Compile method and the Execute method. Compile errors, warnings or hints can be found in the CompilerMessages array property, while runtime errors can be found by reading the ExecErrorToString property.

The following example will compile and execute an empty script ("begin end."): 

var
  Messages: string;
  compiled: boolean;
begin
  ce.Script.Text := 'begin end.';
  Compiled := Ce.Compile;
  for i := 0 to ce.CompilerMessageCount -1 do
    Messages := Messages +
                ce.CompilerMessages[i].MessageToString +
                #13#10;
  if Compiled then
    Messages := Messages + 'Succesfully compiled'#13#10;
  ShowMessage('Compiled Script: '#13#10+Messages);
  if Compiled then begin
    if Ce.Execute then
      ShowMessage('Succesfully Executed')
    else
      ShowMessage('Error while executing script: '+
                  Ce.ExecErrorToString);
  end;
end;

By default, the component only adds a few standard functions to the scripting engine (the exact list can be found at the top of uPSComponents.pas).

Besides the standard functions, there are a few libraries included with Pascal Script:

TPSDllPlugin Allow scripts to use dll functions, the syntax is like:
function FindWindow(C1, C2: PChar): Longint; external 'FindWindowA@user32.dll stdcall';
TPSImport_Classes Import library for TObject and the Classes unit.
TPSImport_DateUtils Import library for date/time related functions.
TPSImport_ComObj Access COM Objects from your scripts.
TPSImport_DB Import library for db.pas.
TPSImport_Forms Import library for the Forms & Menus units.
TPSImport_Controls Import library to Controls.pas and Graphics.pas.
TPSImport_StdCtrls Import library for ExtCtrls and Buttons.

To use these libraries, add them to your form or data module, select the [...] button next to the plugins property of the TPSCompiler component, add a new item and set the Plugin property to the plugin component. Besides the standard libraries, you can easily add new functions to the scripting engine. In order to do that, create a new method you would like to expose to the scripting engine, for example: 

procedure TForm1.ShowNewMessage(const Message: string);
begin
  ShowMessage('ShowNewMessage invoked:'#13#10+Message);
end;

Then assign an event handler to the OnCompile event and use the AddMethod method of TPSCompiler to add the actual method: 

procedure TForm1.CECompile(Sender: TPSScript);
begin
  Sender.AddMethod(Self, @TForm1.ShowNewMessage,
                   'procedure ShowNewMessage
                   (const Message: string);');
end;

A sample script that uses this function could look like this: 

begin
  ShowNewMessage('Show This !');
end.

Advanced Features

Pascal Script includes a preprocessor that allows you to use defines ({$IFDEF}, {$ELSE}, {$ENDIF}) and include other files in your script ({$I filename.inc}). To enable these features, you must set the UsePreprocessor property to true and the MainFileName property to match the name of the script in the Script property. The Defines property specifies which defines are set by default, and the OnNeedFile event is called when an include file is needed. 

function TForm1.ceNeedFile(Sender: TObject;
  const OrginFileName: String;
  var FileName, Output: String): Boolean;
var
  path: string;
  f: TFileStream;
begin
  Path := ExtractFilePath(ParamStr(0)) + FileName;
  try
    F := TFileStream.Create(Path, fmOpenRead or fmShareDenyWrite);
  except
    Result := false;
    exit;
  end;
  try
    SetLength(Output, f.Size);
    f.Read(Output[1], Length(Output));
  finally
  f.Free;
  end;
  Result := True;
end;

When these properties are set, the CompilerMessages array property will include the file name these messages occur in.

Additionally, you can call scripted functions from Delphi. The following sample will be used as a script: 

begin
end.

Before this scripted function can be used, it has to be checked to match its parameter and result types, which can be done in the OnVerifyProc event. 

procedure TForm1.CEVerifyProc(Sender: TPSScript;
                              Proc: TPSInternalProcedure;
                              const Decl: String;
                              var Error: Boolean);
begin
  if Proc.Name = 'TESTFUNCTION' then begin
    if not ExportCheck(Sender.Comp, Proc,
               [btS32, btDouble, btString], [pmIn, pmIn]) then begin
      Sender.Comp.MakeError('', ecCustomError, 'Function header for
      TestFunction does not match.');
      Error := True;
    end
    else begin
      Error := False;
    end;
  end
  else
    Error := False;
end;

The ExportCheck function checks if the parameters match. In this case, btu8 is a boolean (the result type), btdouble is the first parameter, and btString the second parameter. [pmIn,] specifies that both parameters are IN parameters. To call this scripted function, you have to create an event declaration for this function and call that. 

type
  TTestFunction = function (Param1: Double;
                            Data: String): Longint of object;
//...
var
  Meth: TTestFunction;
  Meth := TTestFunction(ce.GetProcMethod('TESTFUNCTION'));
  if @Meth = nil then
    raise Exception.Create('Unable to call TestFunction');
  ShowMessage('Result: '+IntToStr(Meth(pi, DateTimeToStr(Now))));

It's also possible to add variables to the script engine, which can be used from within the script. To do this, you have to use the AddRegisteredVariable function. You can set this in the OnExecute event : 

procedure TForm1.ceExecute(Sender: TPSScript);
begin
  CE.SetVarToInstance('SELF', Self);
  // ^^^ For class variables
  VSetInt(CE.GetVariable('MYVAR'), 1234567);
end;

To read this variable back, after the script has finished executing, you can use the OnAfterExecute event: VGetInt(CE.GetVariable('MYVAR')).

Registering external variables to the script engine is also possible. It's a two step process, first, in the OnCompile event, add the types to the script using the AddRegisteredPTRVariable function. 

procedure TMyForm.PSScriptCompile(Sender: TPSScript);
begin
  Sender.AddRegisteredPTRVariable('MyClass', 'TButton');
  Sender.AddRegisteredPTRVariable('MyVar', 'Longint');
end;

This will register the external MyClass and MyVar variables. Second, attach a pointer to these variables in the OnExecute event: 

procedure TMyForm.PSScriptExecute(Sender: TPSScript);
begin
  PSScript.SetPointerToData('MyVar', @MyVar, PSScript.FindBaseType(bts32));
  PSScript.SetPointerToData('Memo1', @Memo1, PSScript.FindNamedType('TMemo'));
end;

There are two types of variables in Pascal Script, base types, which are simple types (see the table below), and class types. Base types are registered in the uPSUtils.pas unit and can be located using the FindBaseType function. Class types have to be located by name, using the FindNamedType. Changes to these variables have a direct effect on the actual variable.

Base types:

btU8 Byte
btS8 Shortint
btU16 Word
btS16 Smallint
btU32 Longword
btS32 Longint
btS64 Int64
btSingle Single
btDouble Double
btExtended Extended
btVariant Variant
btString String
btWideString WideString
btChar Char
btWideChar WideChar

The component version of Pascal Script also supports execution of scripted functions. This works by using the ExecuteFunction method. 

ShowMessage(CompExec.ExecuteFunction([1234.5678, 4321,
                                      'test'],
                                     'TestFunction'));

This will execute the function called 'TestFunction' with 3 parameters, a float, an integer and a string. The result will be passed back to ShowMessage.

Notes:

  • For some functions and constants, it might be necessary to add: uPSCompiler.pas, uPSRuntime.pas and/or uPSUtils.pas to your uses list.
  • The script engine never calls Application.ProcessMessages by itself, so your application might hang, while the script is running. To avoid this, you can add Application.ProcessMessages to the TPSScript.OnLine event.
  • It's possible to import your own classes in the script engine. Pascal Script includes a tool to create import libraries in the /Unit-Importing/ directory.
  • It's possible to import your own classes in the script engine. Pascal Script includes a tool to create import libraries in the Bin directory.
  • For examples on how to use the compiler and runtime separately, see the Import and Kylix samples.
  • The Debug requires SynEdit http://synedit.sourceforge.net.
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