Support multi-versioning for Prism::Translation::Parser

## Summary

Fixes #2356.

I'm working on integrating Prism into RuboCop.

This PR introduces `Prism::Translation::Parser33` and `Prism::Translation::Parser34`, named
in accordance with the following comments.
rubocop/rubocop#12600 (comment)

Currently, `Prism::Translation::Parser` always operates in Ruby 3.4 mode.
This means it will not parse as Ruby 3.3 even if `TargetRubyVersion: 80_82_73_83_77.33` is specified.

Therefore, the `it` introduced in Ruby 3.4 is parsed incompatibly with Ruby 3.3. In Ruby 3.3,
the expected name for an `lvar` is `:it`, not `:"0it"`.

### Expected AST

The following is an expected AST when parsing Ruby 3.3 code:

```console
$ bundle exec ruby -rprism -rprism/translation/parser33 -ve "p Prism::Translation::Parser33.parse('items.map { it.do_something }')"
ruby 3.3.0 (2023-12-25 revision 5124f9ac75) [x86_64-darwin22]
s(:block,
  s(:send,
    s(:send, nil, :items), :map),
  s(:args),
  s(:send,
    s(:send, nil, :it), :do_something))
```

### Actual AST

The following is an actual AST when parsing Ruby 3.3 code:

```console
$ ruby -rprism -ve "p Prism::Translation::Parser.parse('items.map { it.do_something }')"
ruby 3.3.0 (2023-12-25 revision 5124f9ac75) [x86_64-darwin22]
s(:block,
  s(:send,
    s(:send, nil, :items), :map),
  s(:args),
  s(:send,
    s(:lvar, :"0it"), :do_something))
```

`Prism::Translation::Parser33` and `Prism::Translation::Parser34` aim to correspond to Ruby 3.3 and Ruby 3.4, respectively.

And, The hack of specifying `TargetRubyVersion: 80_82_73_83_77.33` is expected to become unnecessary in the future,
but the behavior will be maintained until RuboCop's support is finalized:
rubocop/rubocop#12600 (comment)

## Additional Information

A private method named `convert_for_prism` is prepared to convert the `version` from Parser to the `version` expected by Prism.
For example, a Parser-compatible value is `3.3`, whereas Prism expects `"3.3.0"`.

`Parser#version` is not used in RuboCop, but it's unclear how it is utilized in other libraries that rely on the Parser gem.

Therefore, logic to maintain compatibility between Parser and Prism is implemented.

lib/prism/translation/parser.rb

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def parse(source_buffer)
         source = source_buffer.source
 
         offset_cache = build_offset_cache(source)
-        result = unwrap(Prism.parse(source, filepath: source_buffer.name), offset_cache)
+        result = unwrap(Prism.parse(source, filepath: source_buffer.name, version: convert_for_prism(version)), offset_cache)
 
         build_ast(result.value, offset_cache)
       ensure
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def parse_with_comments(source_buffer)
         source = source_buffer.source
 
         offset_cache = build_offset_cache(source)
-        result = unwrap(Prism.parse(source, filepath: source_buffer.name), offset_cache)
+        result = unwrap(Prism.parse(source, filepath: source_buffer.name, version: convert_for_prism(version)), offset_cache)
 
         [
           build_ast(result.value, offset_cache),
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def tokenize(source_buffer, recover = false)
         offset_cache = build_offset_cache(source)
         result =
           begin
-            unwrap(Prism.parse_lex(source, filepath: source_buffer.name), offset_cache)
+            unwrap(Prism.parse_lex(source, filepath: source_buffer.name, version: convert_for_prism(version)), offset_cache)
           rescue ::Parser::SyntaxError
             raise if !recover
           end
@@ -168,6 +168,17 @@ def build_range(location, offset_cache)
         )
       end
 
+      def convert_for_prism(version)
+        case version
+        when 33
+          "3.3.0"
+        when 34
+          "3.4.0"
+        else
+          "latest"
+        end
+      end
+
       require_relative "parser/compiler"
       require_relative "parser/lexer"
 

lib/prism/translation/parser/rubocop.rb

@@ -12,15 +12,19 @@ class Parser
       # This is the special version number that should be used in rubocop
       # configuration files to trigger using prism.
       VERSION_3_3 = 80_82_73_83_77.33
+      VERSION_3_4 = 80_82_73_83_77.34
 
       # This module gets prepended into RuboCop::AST::ProcessedSource.
       module ProcessedSource
         # Redefine parser_class so that we can inject the prism parser into the
         # list of known parsers.
         def parser_class(ruby_version)
           if ruby_version == Prism::Translation::Parser::VERSION_3_3
-            require "prism/translation/parser"
-            Prism::Translation::Parser
+            require "prism/translation/parser33"
+            Prism::Translation::Parser33
+          if ruby_version == Prism::Translation::Parser::VERSION_3_4
+            require "prism/translation/parser34"
+            Prism::Translation::Parser34
           else
             super
           end

lib/prism/translation/parser33.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+require_relative "parser"
+
+module Prism
+  module Translation
+    # This class is the entry-point for Ruby 3.3 of `Prism::Translation::Parser`.
+    class Parser33 < Parser
+      def version # :nodoc:
+        33
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/prism/translation/parser34.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+require_relative "parser"
+
+module Prism
+  module Translation
+    # This class is the entry-point for Ruby 3.4 of `Prism::Translation::Parser`.
+    class Parser34 < Parser
+      def version # :nodoc:
+        34
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

prism.gemspec

@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
     "lib/prism/serialize.rb",
     "lib/prism/translation.rb",
     "lib/prism/translation/parser.rb",
+    "lib/prism/translation/parser33.rb",
+    "lib/prism/translation/parser34.rb",
     "lib/prism/translation/parser/compiler.rb",
     "lib/prism/translation/parser/lexer.rb",
     "lib/prism/translation/parser/rubocop.rb",