Auto merge of rust-lang#89030 - nbdd0121:box2, r=jonas-schievink

Introduce `Rvalue::ShallowInitBox`

Polished version of rust-lang#88700.

Implements MCP rust-lang/compiler-team#460, and should allow rust-lang#43596 to go forward.

In short, creating an empty box is split from a nullary-op `NullOp::Box` into two steps, first a call to `exchange_malloc`, then a `Rvalue::ShallowInitBox` which transmutes `*mut u8` to a shallow-initialized `Box<T>`. This allows the `exchange_malloc` call to unwind. Details can be found in the MCP.

`NullOp::Box` is not yet removed, purely to make reverting easier in case anything goes wrong as the result of this PR. If revert is needed a reversion of "Use Rvalue::ShallowInitBox for box expression" commit followed by a test bless should be sufficient.

Experiments in rust-lang#88700 showed a very slight compile-time perf regression due to (supposedly) slightly more time spent in LLVM. We could omit unwind edge generation (in non-`oom=panic` case) in box expression MIR construction to restore perf; but I don't think it's necessary since runtime perf isn't affected and perf difference is rather small.

compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/invalidation.rs

@@ -316,7 +316,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InvalidationGenerator<'cx, 'tcx> {
             Rvalue::Use(ref operand)
             | Rvalue::Repeat(ref operand, _)
             | Rvalue::UnaryOp(_ /*un_op*/, ref operand)
-            | Rvalue::Cast(_ /*cast_kind*/, ref operand, _ /*ty*/) => {
+            | Rvalue::Cast(_ /*cast_kind*/, ref operand, _ /*ty*/)
+            | Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(ref operand, _ /*ty*/) => {
                 self.consume_operand(location, operand)
             }
 

compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/lib.rs

@@ -1361,7 +1361,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
             Rvalue::Use(ref operand)
             | Rvalue::Repeat(ref operand, _)
             | Rvalue::UnaryOp(_ /*un_op*/, ref operand)
-            | Rvalue::Cast(_ /*cast_kind*/, ref operand, _ /*ty*/) => {
+            | Rvalue::Cast(_ /*cast_kind*/, ref operand, _ /*ty*/)
+            | Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(ref operand, _ /*ty*/) => {
                 self.consume_operand(location, (operand, span), flow_state)
             }
 

compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/mod.rs

@@ -2024,13 +2024,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
 
-            Rvalue::NullaryOp(_, ty) => {
-                // Even with unsized locals cannot box an unsized value.
-                if self.unsized_feature_enabled() {
-                    let span = body.source_info(location).span;
-                    self.ensure_place_sized(ty, span);
-                }
-
+            Rvalue::NullaryOp(_, ty) | Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(_, ty) => {
                 let trait_ref = ty::TraitRef {
                     def_id: tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::Sized, Some(self.last_span)),
                     substs: tcx.mk_substs_trait(ty, &[]),
@@ -2363,6 +2357,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
             | Rvalue::AddressOf(..)
             | Rvalue::Len(..)
             | Rvalue::Cast(..)
+            | Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(..)
             | Rvalue::BinaryOp(..)
             | Rvalue::CheckedBinaryOp(..)
             | Rvalue::NullaryOp(..)

compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/src/base.rs

@@ -701,6 +701,13 @@ fn codegen_stmt<'tcx>(
                     let len = codegen_array_len(fx, place);
                     lval.write_cvalue(fx, CValue::by_val(len, usize_layout));
                 }
+                Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(ref operand, content_ty) => {
+                    let content_ty = fx.monomorphize(content_ty);
+                    let box_layout = fx.layout_of(fx.tcx.mk_box(content_ty));
+                    let operand = codegen_operand(fx, operand);
+                    let operand = operand.load_scalar(fx);
+                    lval.write_cvalue(fx, CValue::by_val(operand, box_layout));
+                }
                 Rvalue::NullaryOp(NullOp::Box, content_ty) => {
                     let usize_type = fx.clif_type(fx.tcx.types.usize).unwrap();
                     let content_ty = fx.monomorphize(content_ty);

compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/mir/rvalue.rs

@@ -550,6 +550,18 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
                     OperandRef::new_zst(&mut bx, self.cx.layout_of(self.monomorphize(ty)));
                 (bx, operand)
             }
+            mir::Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(ref operand, content_ty) => {
+                let operand = self.codegen_operand(&mut bx, operand);
+                let lloperand = operand.immediate();
+
+                let content_ty = self.monomorphize(content_ty);
+                let box_layout = bx.cx().layout_of(bx.tcx().mk_box(content_ty));
+                let llty_ptr = bx.cx().backend_type(box_layout);
+
+                let val = bx.pointercast(lloperand, llty_ptr);
+                let operand = OperandRef { val: OperandValue::Immediate(val), layout: box_layout };
+                (bx, operand)
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -763,6 +775,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
             mir::Rvalue::AddressOf(..) |
             mir::Rvalue::Len(..) |
             mir::Rvalue::Cast(..) | // (*)
+            mir::Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(..) | // (*)
             mir::Rvalue::BinaryOp(..) |
             mir::Rvalue::CheckedBinaryOp(..) |
             mir::Rvalue::UnaryOp(..) |

compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/step.rs

@@ -289,6 +289,12 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
                 self.write_scalar(Scalar::from_machine_usize(val, self), &dest)?;
             }
 
+            ShallowInitBox(ref operand, _) => {
+                let src = self.eval_operand(operand, None)?;
+                let v = self.read_immediate(&src)?;
+                self.write_immediate(*v, &dest)?;
+            }
+
             Cast(cast_kind, ref operand, cast_ty) => {
                 let src = self.eval_operand(operand, None)?;
                 let cast_ty = self.subst_from_current_frame_and_normalize_erasing_regions(cast_ty);

compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/check.rs

@@ -650,6 +650,7 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for Checker<'mir, 'tcx> {
 
             Rvalue::NullaryOp(NullOp::SizeOf | NullOp::AlignOf, _) => {}
             Rvalue::NullaryOp(NullOp::Box, _) => self.check_op(ops::HeapAllocation),
+            Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(_, _) => {}
 
             Rvalue::UnaryOp(_, ref operand) => {
                 let ty = operand.ty(self.body, self.tcx);
@@ -912,6 +913,11 @@ impl Visitor<'tcx> for Checker<'mir, 'tcx> {
                     return;
                 }
 
+                if Some(callee) == tcx.lang_items().exchange_malloc_fn() {
+                    self.check_op(ops::HeapAllocation);
+                    return;
+                }
+
                 // `async` blocks get lowered to `std::future::from_generator(/* a closure */)`.
                 let is_async_block = Some(callee) == tcx.lang_items().from_generator_fn();
                 if is_async_block {

compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/qualifs.rs

@@ -206,7 +206,8 @@ where
         Rvalue::Use(operand)
         | Rvalue::Repeat(operand, _)
         | Rvalue::UnaryOp(_, operand)
-        | Rvalue::Cast(_, operand, _) => in_operand::<Q, _>(cx, in_local, operand),
+        | Rvalue::Cast(_, operand, _)
+        | Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(operand, _) => in_operand::<Q, _>(cx, in_local, operand),
 
         Rvalue::BinaryOp(_, box (lhs, rhs)) | Rvalue::CheckedBinaryOp(_, box (lhs, rhs)) => {
             in_operand::<Q, _>(cx, in_local, lhs) || in_operand::<Q, _>(cx, in_local, rhs)

compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/promote_consts.rs

@@ -523,6 +523,8 @@ impl<'tcx> Validator<'_, 'tcx> {
                 NullOp::AlignOf => {}
             },
 
+            Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(_, _) => return Err(Unpromotable),
+
             Rvalue::UnaryOp(op, operand) => {
                 match op {
                     // These operations can never fail.

compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs

@@ -2200,6 +2200,12 @@ pub enum Rvalue<'tcx> {
     /// that `Foo` has a destructor. These rvalues can be optimized
     /// away after type-checking and before lowering.
     Aggregate(Box<AggregateKind<'tcx>>, Vec<Operand<'tcx>>),
+
+    /// Transmutes a `*mut u8` into shallow-initialized `Box<T>`.
+    ///
+    /// This is different a normal transmute because dataflow analysis will treat the box
+    /// as initialized but its content as uninitialized.
+    ShallowInitBox(Operand<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>),
 }
 
 #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_pointer_width = "64"))]
@@ -2450,6 +2456,10 @@ impl<'tcx> Debug for Rvalue<'tcx> {
                     }),
                 }
             }
+
+            ShallowInitBox(ref place, ref ty) => {
+                write!(fmt, "ShallowInitBox({:?}, {:?})", place, ty)
+            }
         }
     }
 }

compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/tcx.rs

@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Rvalue<'tcx> {
                     tcx.mk_generator(did, substs, movability)
                 }
             },
+            Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(_, ty) => tcx.mk_box(ty),
         }
     }
 
@@ -214,7 +215,9 @@ impl<'tcx> Rvalue<'tcx> {
     /// whether its only shallowly initialized (`Rvalue::Box`).
     pub fn initialization_state(&self) -> RvalueInitializationState {
         match *self {
-            Rvalue::NullaryOp(NullOp::Box, _) => RvalueInitializationState::Shallow,
+            Rvalue::NullaryOp(NullOp::Box, _) | Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(_, _) => {
+                RvalueInitializationState::Shallow
+            }
             _ => RvalueInitializationState::Deep,
         }
     }

compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/type_foldable.rs

@@ -210,6 +210,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for Rvalue<'tcx> {
                 });
                 Aggregate(kind, fields.fold_with(folder))
             }
+            ShallowInitBox(op, ty) => ShallowInitBox(op.fold_with(folder), ty.fold_with(folder)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -255,6 +256,10 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for Rvalue<'tcx> {
                 }
                 fields.visit_with(visitor)
             }
+            ShallowInitBox(ref op, ty) => {
+                op.visit_with(visitor)?;
+                ty.visit_with(visitor)
+            }
         }
     }
 }

compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/visit.rs

@@ -753,6 +753,11 @@ macro_rules! make_mir_visitor {
                             self.visit_operand(operand, location);
                         }
                     }
+
+                    Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(operand, ty) => {
+                        self.visit_operand(operand, location);
+                        self.visit_ty(ty, TyContext::Location(location));
+                    }
                 }
             }
 

compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/expr/as_rvalue.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use rustc_index::vec::Idx;
 use crate::build::expr::as_place::PlaceBase;
 use crate::build::expr::category::{Category, RvalueFunc};
 use crate::build::{BlockAnd, BlockAndExtension, Builder};
+use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
 use rustc_middle::middle::region;
 use rustc_middle::mir::AssertKind;
 use rustc_middle::mir::Place;
@@ -88,6 +89,56 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
             ExprKind::Box { value } => {
                 let value = &this.thir[value];
+                let tcx = this.tcx;
+
+                // `exchange_malloc` is unsafe but box is safe, so need a new scope.
+                let synth_scope = this.new_source_scope(
+                    expr_span,
+                    LintLevel::Inherited,
+                    Some(Safety::BuiltinUnsafe),
+                );
+                let synth_info = SourceInfo { span: expr_span, scope: synth_scope };
+
+                let size = this.temp(tcx.types.usize, expr_span);
+                this.cfg.push_assign(
+                    block,
+                    synth_info,
+                    size,
+                    Rvalue::NullaryOp(NullOp::SizeOf, value.ty),
+                );
+
+                let align = this.temp(tcx.types.usize, expr_span);
+                this.cfg.push_assign(
+                    block,
+                    synth_info,
+                    align,
+                    Rvalue::NullaryOp(NullOp::AlignOf, value.ty),
+                );
+
+                // malloc some memory of suitable size and align:
+                let exchange_malloc = Operand::function_handle(
+                    tcx,
+                    tcx.require_lang_item(LangItem::ExchangeMalloc, Some(expr_span)),
+                    ty::List::empty(),
+                    expr_span,
+                );
+                let storage = this.temp(tcx.mk_mut_ptr(tcx.types.u8), expr_span);
+                let success = this.cfg.start_new_block();
+                this.cfg.terminate(
+                    block,
+                    synth_info,
+                    TerminatorKind::Call {
+                        func: exchange_malloc,
+                        args: vec![Operand::Move(size), Operand::Move(align)],
+                        destination: Some((Place::from(storage), success)),
+                        cleanup: None,
+                        from_hir_call: false,
+                        fn_span: expr_span,
+                    },
+                );
+                this.diverge_from(block);
+                block = success;
+
                 // The `Box<T>` temporary created here is not a part of the HIR,
                 // and therefore is not considered during generator auto-trait
                 // determination. See the comment about `box` at `yield_in_scope`.
@@ -101,8 +152,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Builder<'a, 'tcx> {
                     this.schedule_drop_storage_and_value(expr_span, scope, result);
                 }
 
-                // malloc some memory of suitable type (thus far, uninitialized):
-                let box_ = Rvalue::NullaryOp(NullOp::Box, value.ty);
+                // Transmute `*mut u8` to the box (thus far, uninitialized):
+                let box_ = Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(Operand::Move(Place::from(storage)), value.ty);
                 this.cfg.push_assign(block, source_info, Place::from(result), box_);
 
                 // initialize the box contents:

compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/impls/borrowed_locals.rs

@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ where
             }
 
             mir::Rvalue::Cast(..)
+            | mir::Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(..)
             | mir::Rvalue::Use(..)
             | mir::Rvalue::ThreadLocalRef(..)
             | mir::Rvalue::Repeat(..)

compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/move_paths/builder.rs

@@ -327,6 +327,7 @@ impl<'b, 'a, 'tcx> Gatherer<'b, 'a, 'tcx> {
             Rvalue::Use(ref operand)
             | Rvalue::Repeat(ref operand, _)
             | Rvalue::Cast(_, ref operand, _)
+            | Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(ref operand, _)
             | Rvalue::UnaryOp(_, ref operand) => self.gather_operand(operand),
             Rvalue::BinaryOp(ref _binop, box (ref lhs, ref rhs))
             | Rvalue::CheckedBinaryOp(ref _binop, box (ref lhs, ref rhs)) => {

compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/const_prop.rs

@@ -723,6 +723,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx> ConstPropagator<'mir, 'tcx> {
             | Rvalue::Repeat(..)
             | Rvalue::Len(..)
             | Rvalue::Cast(..)
+            | Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(..)
             | Rvalue::Discriminant(..)
             | Rvalue::NullaryOp(..) => {}
         }

compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/dest_prop.rs

@@ -967,6 +967,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for BorrowCollector {
             }
 
             Rvalue::Cast(..)
+            | Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(..)
             | Rvalue::Use(..)
             | Rvalue::Repeat(..)
             | Rvalue::Len(..)

compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/separate_const_switch.rs

@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ fn is_likely_const<'tcx>(mut tracked_place: Place<'tcx>, block: &BasicBlockData<
                         | Rvalue::AddressOf(_, _)
                         | Rvalue::Cast(_, Operand::Constant(_), _)
                         | Rvalue::NullaryOp(_, _)
+                        | Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(_, _)
                         | Rvalue::UnaryOp(_, Operand::Constant(_)) => return true,
 
                         // These rvalues make things ambiguous
@@ -301,6 +302,7 @@ fn find_determining_place<'tcx>(
                     | Rvalue::ThreadLocalRef(_)
                     | Rvalue::AddressOf(_, _)
                     | Rvalue::NullaryOp(_, _)
+                    | Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(_, _)
                     | Rvalue::UnaryOp(_, Operand::Constant(_))
                     | Rvalue::Cast(_, Operand::Constant(_), _)
                     => return None,

library/alloc/src/alloc.rs

@@ -307,7 +307,6 @@ unsafe impl Allocator for Global {
 }
 
 /// The allocator for unique pointers.
-// This function must not unwind. If it does, MIR codegen will fail.
 #[cfg(all(not(no_global_oom_handling), not(test)))]
 #[lang = "exchange_malloc"]
 #[inline]