Auto merge of #85379 - mdaverde:uds-abstract, r=joshtriplett

Add abstract namespace support for Unix domain sockets

Hello! The other day I wanted to mess around with UDS in Rust and found that abstract namespaces ([unix(7)](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/unix.7.html)) on Linux still needed development. I took the approach of adding `_addr` specific public functions to reduce conflicts.

Feature name: `unix_socket_abstract`
Tracking issue: #85410
Further context: #42048

## Non-platform specific additions

`UnixListener::bind_addr(&SocketAddr) -> Result<UnixListener>`

`UnixStream::connect_addr(&SocketAddr) -> Result<()>`

`UnixDatagram::bind_addr(&SocketAddr) -> Result<UnixDatagram>`

`UnixDatagram::connect_addr(&SocketAddr) -> Result<()>`

`UnixDatagram::send_to_addr(&self, &[u8], &SocketAddr) -> Result<usize>`

## Platform-specific (Linux) additions

`SocketAddr::from_abstract_namespace(&[u8]) -> SocketAddr`

`SockerAddr::as_abstract_namespace() -> Option<&[u8]>`

## Example

```rust
#![feature(unix_socket_abstract)]
use std::os::unix::net::{UnixListener, SocketAddr};

fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    let addr = SocketAddr::from_abstract_namespace(b"namespace")?; // Linux only
    let listener = match UnixListener::bind_addr(&addr) {
        Ok(sock) => sock,
        Err(err) => {
            println!("Couldn't bind: {:?}", err);
            return Err(err);
        }
    };
    Ok(())
}
```

## Further Details

The main inspiration for the implementation came from the [nix-rust](https://github.com/nix-rust/nix/blob/master/src/sys/socket/addr.rs#L558) crate but there are also other [historical](c4db068) [attempts](https://github.com/tormol/uds/blob/master/src/addr.rs#L324) with similar approaches.

A comment I did have was with this change, we now allow a `SocketAddr` to be constructed explicitly rather than just used almost as a handle for the return of `peer_addr` and `local_addr`. We could consider adding other explicit constructors (e.g. `SocketAddr::from_pathname`, `SockerAddr::from_unnamed`).

Cheers!

library/std/src/os/unix/net/addr.rs

@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ impl<'a> fmt::Display for AsciiEscaped<'a> {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 #[stable(feature = "unix_socket", since = "1.10.0")]
 pub struct SocketAddr {
-    addr: libc::sockaddr_un,
-    len: libc::socklen_t,
+    pub(super) addr: libc::sockaddr_un,
+    pub(super) len: libc::socklen_t,
 }
 
 impl SocketAddr {
@@ -198,6 +198,31 @@ impl SocketAddr {
         if let AddressKind::Pathname(path) = self.address() { Some(path) } else { None }
     }
 
+    /// Returns the contents of this address if it is an abstract namespace
+    /// without the leading null byte.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// #![feature(unix_socket_abstract)]
+    /// use std::os::unix::net::{UnixListener, SocketAddr};
+    ///
+    /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    ///     let namespace = b"hidden";
+    ///     let namespace_addr = SocketAddr::from_abstract_namespace(&namespace[..])?;
+    ///     let socket = UnixListener::bind_addr(&namespace_addr)?;
+    ///     let local_addr = socket.local_addr().expect("Couldn't get local address");
+    ///     assert_eq!(local_addr.as_abstract_namespace(), Some(&namespace[..]));
+    ///     Ok(())
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[doc(cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux")))]
+    #[cfg(any(doc, target_os = "android", target_os = "linux",))]
+    #[unstable(feature = "unix_socket_abstract", issue = "85410")]
+    pub fn as_abstract_namespace(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> {
+        if let AddressKind::Abstract(name) = self.address() { Some(name) } else { None }
+    }
+
     fn address(&self) -> AddressKind<'_> {
         let len = self.len as usize - sun_path_offset(&self.addr);
         let path = unsafe { mem::transmute::<&[libc::c_char], &[u8]>(&self.addr.sun_path) };
@@ -214,6 +239,65 @@ impl SocketAddr {
             AddressKind::Pathname(OsStr::from_bytes(&path[..len - 1]).as_ref())
         }
     }
+
+    /// Creates an abstract domain socket address from a namespace
+    ///
+    /// An abstract address does not create a file unlike traditional path-based
+    /// Unix sockets. The advantage of this is that the address will disappear when
+    /// the socket bound to it is closed, so no filesystem clean up is required.
+    ///
+    /// The leading null byte for the abstract namespace is automatically added.
+    ///
+    /// This is a Linux-specific extension. See more at [`unix(7)`].
+    ///
+    /// [`unix(7)`]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/unix.7.html
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This will return an error if the given namespace is too long
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// #![feature(unix_socket_abstract)]
+    /// use std::os::unix::net::{UnixListener, SocketAddr};
+    ///
+    /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    ///     let addr = SocketAddr::from_abstract_namespace(b"hidden")?;
+    ///     let listener = match UnixListener::bind_addr(&addr) {
+    ///         Ok(sock) => sock,
+    ///         Err(err) => {
+    ///             println!("Couldn't bind: {:?}", err);
+    ///             return Err(err);
+    ///         }
+    ///     };
+    ///     Ok(())
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[doc(cfg(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "linux")))]
+    #[cfg(any(doc, target_os = "android", target_os = "linux",))]
+    #[unstable(feature = "unix_socket_abstract", issue = "85410")]
+    pub fn from_abstract_namespace(namespace: &[u8]) -> io::Result<SocketAddr> {
+        unsafe {
+            let mut addr: libc::sockaddr_un = mem::zeroed();
+            addr.sun_family = libc::AF_UNIX as libc::sa_family_t;
+
+            if namespace.len() + 1 > addr.sun_path.len() {
+                return Err(io::Error::new_const(
+                    io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                    &"namespace must be shorter than SUN_LEN",
+                ));
+            }
+
+            crate::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                namespace.as_ptr(),
+                addr.sun_path.as_mut_ptr().offset(1) as *mut u8,
+                namespace.len(),
+            );
+            let len = (sun_path_offset(&addr) + 1 + namespace.len()) as libc::socklen_t;
+            SocketAddr::from_parts(addr, len)
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[stable(feature = "unix_socket", since = "1.10.0")]

library/std/src/os/unix/net/datagram.rs

@@ -112,6 +112,41 @@ impl UnixDatagram {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Creates a Unix datagram socket bound to an address.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// #![feature(unix_socket_abstract)]
+    /// use std::os::unix::net::{UnixDatagram};
+    ///
+    /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    ///     let sock1 = UnixDatagram::bind("path/to/socket")?;
+    ///     let addr = sock1.local_addr()?;
+    ///
+    ///     let sock2 = match UnixDatagram::bind_addr(&addr) {
+    ///         Ok(sock) => sock,
+    ///         Err(err) => {
+    ///             println!("Couldn't bind: {:?}", err);
+    ///             return Err(err);
+    ///         }
+    ///     };
+    ///     Ok(())
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[unstable(feature = "unix_socket_abstract", issue = "85410")]
+    pub fn bind_addr(socket_addr: &SocketAddr) -> io::Result<UnixDatagram> {
+        unsafe {
+            let socket = UnixDatagram::unbound()?;
+            cvt(libc::bind(
+                socket.as_raw_fd(),
+                &socket_addr.addr as *const _ as *const _,
+                socket_addr.len as _,
+            ))?;
+            Ok(socket)
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Creates a Unix Datagram socket which is not bound to any address.
     ///
     /// # Examples
@@ -156,7 +191,7 @@ impl UnixDatagram {
         Ok((UnixDatagram(i1), UnixDatagram(i2)))
     }
 
-    /// Connects the socket to the specified address.
+    /// Connects the socket to the specified path address.
     ///
     /// The [`send`] method may be used to send data to the specified address.
     /// [`recv`] and [`recv_from`] will only receive data from that address.
@@ -192,6 +227,41 @@ impl UnixDatagram {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Connects the socket to an address.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// #![feature(unix_socket_abstract)]
+    /// use std::os::unix::net::{UnixDatagram};
+    ///
+    /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    ///     let bound = UnixDatagram::bind("/path/to/socket")?;
+    ///     let addr = bound.local_addr()?;
+    ///
+    ///     let sock = UnixDatagram::unbound()?;
+    ///     match sock.connect_addr(&addr) {
+    ///         Ok(sock) => sock,
+    ///         Err(e) => {
+    ///             println!("Couldn't connect: {:?}", e);
+    ///             return Err(e)
+    ///         }
+    ///     };
+    ///     Ok(())
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[unstable(feature = "unix_socket_abstract", issue = "85410")]
+    pub fn connect_addr(&self, socket_addr: &SocketAddr) -> io::Result<()> {
+        unsafe {
+            cvt(libc::connect(
+                self.as_raw_fd(),
+                &socket_addr.addr as *const _ as *const _,
+                socket_addr.len,
+            ))?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     /// Creates a new independently owned handle to the underlying socket.
     ///
     /// The returned `UnixDatagram` is a reference to the same socket that this
@@ -473,6 +543,42 @@ impl UnixDatagram {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Sends data on the socket to the specified [SocketAddr].
+    ///
+    /// On success, returns the number of bytes written.
+    ///
+    /// [SocketAddr]: crate::os::unix::net::SocketAddr
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// #![feature(unix_socket_abstract)]
+    /// use std::os::unix::net::{UnixDatagram};
+    ///
+    /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    ///     let bound = UnixDatagram::bind("/path/to/socket")?;
+    ///     let addr = bound.local_addr()?;
+    ///
+    ///     let sock = UnixDatagram::unbound()?;
+    ///     sock.send_to_addr(b"bacon egg and cheese", &addr).expect("send_to_addr function failed");
+    ///     Ok(())
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[unstable(feature = "unix_socket_abstract", issue = "85410")]
+    pub fn send_to_addr(&self, buf: &[u8], socket_addr: &SocketAddr) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        unsafe {
+            let count = cvt(libc::sendto(
+                self.as_raw_fd(),
+                buf.as_ptr() as *const _,
+                buf.len(),
+                MSG_NOSIGNAL,
+                &socket_addr.addr as *const _ as *const _,
+                socket_addr.len,
+            ))?;
+            Ok(count as usize)
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Sends data on the socket to the socket's peer.
     ///
     /// The peer address may be set by the `connect` method, and this method

library/std/src/os/unix/net/listener.rs

@@ -81,6 +81,44 @@ impl UnixListener {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Creates a new `UnixListener` bound to the specified [`socket address`].
+    ///
+    /// [`socket address`]: crate::os::unix::net::SocketAddr
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// #![feature(unix_socket_abstract)]
+    /// use std::os::unix::net::{UnixListener};
+    ///
+    /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    ///     let listener1 = UnixListener::bind("path/to/socket")?;
+    ///     let addr = listener1.local_addr()?;
+    ///
+    ///     let listener2 = match UnixListener::bind_addr(&addr) {
+    ///         Ok(sock) => sock,
+    ///         Err(err) => {
+    ///             println!("Couldn't bind: {:?}", err);
+    ///             return Err(err);
+    ///         }
+    ///     };
+    ///     Ok(())
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    #[unstable(feature = "unix_socket_abstract", issue = "85410")]
+    pub fn bind_addr(socket_addr: &SocketAddr) -> io::Result<UnixListener> {
+        unsafe {
+            let inner = Socket::new_raw(libc::AF_UNIX, libc::SOCK_STREAM)?;
+            cvt(libc::bind(
+                inner.as_raw_fd(),
+                &socket_addr.addr as *const _ as *const _,
+                socket_addr.len as _,
+            ))?;
+            cvt(libc::listen(inner.as_raw_fd(), 128))?;
+            Ok(UnixListener(inner))
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Accepts a new incoming connection to this listener.
     ///
     /// This function will block the calling thread until a new Unix connection

library/std/src/os/unix/net/stream.rs

@@ -106,6 +106,43 @@ impl UnixStream {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Connects to the socket specified by [`address`].
+    ///
+    /// [`address`]: crate::os::unix::net::SocketAddr
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// #![feature(unix_socket_abstract)]
+    /// use std::os::unix::net::{UnixListener, UnixStream};
+    ///
+    /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    ///     let listener = UnixListener::bind("/path/to/the/socket")?;
+    ///     let addr = listener.local_addr()?;
+    ///
+    ///     let sock = match UnixStream::connect_addr(&addr) {
+    ///         Ok(sock) => sock,
+    ///         Err(e) => {
+    ///             println!("Couldn't connect: {:?}", e);
+    ///             return Err(e)
+    ///         }
+    ///     };
+    ///     Ok(())
+    /// }
+    /// ````
+    #[unstable(feature = "unix_socket_abstract", issue = "85410")]
+    pub fn connect_addr(socket_addr: &SocketAddr) -> io::Result<UnixStream> {
+        unsafe {
+            let inner = Socket::new_raw(libc::AF_UNIX, libc::SOCK_STREAM)?;
+            cvt(libc::connect(
+                inner.as_raw_fd(),
+                &socket_addr.addr as *const _ as *const _,
+                socket_addr.len,
+            ))?;
+            Ok(UnixStream(inner))
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Creates an unnamed pair of connected sockets.
     ///
     /// Returns two `UnixStream`s which are connected to each other.