auto merge of #16995 : kmcallister/rust/plugin-tutorial, r=alexcrichton

@steveklabnik, are you interested in looking this over?

configure

@@ -921,6 +921,7 @@ do
     make_dir $h/test/doc-guide-pointers
     make_dir $h/test/doc-guide-container
     make_dir $h/test/doc-guide-tasks
+    make_dir $h/test/doc-guide-plugin
     make_dir $h/test/doc-rust
 done
 

mk/docs.mk

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 ######################################################################
 DOCS := index intro tutorial guide guide-ffi guide-macros guide-lifetimes \
 	guide-tasks guide-container guide-pointers guide-testing \
-	guide-runtime complement-bugreport \
+	guide-runtime guide-plugin complement-bugreport \
 	complement-lang-faq complement-design-faq complement-project-faq rust \
     rustdoc guide-unsafe guide-strings reference
 

src/doc/README.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ something like:
 pandoc --from=markdown --to=html5 --number-sections -o reference.html reference.md
 ~~~~
 
-(rust.md being the Rust Reference Manual.)
+(reference.md being the Rust Reference Manual.)
 
 The syntax for pandoc flavored markdown can be found at:
 http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/README.html#pandocs-markdown

src/doc/complement-design-faq.md

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ representation as a primitive. This allows using Rust `enum`s in FFI where C
 `enum`s are also used, for most use cases. The attribute can also be applied
 to `struct`s to get the same layout as a C struct would.
 
-[repr]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/rust.html#miscellaneous-attributes
+[repr]: reference.html#miscellaneous-attributes
 
 ## There is no GC
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Types which are [`Sync`][sync] are thread-safe when multiple shared
 references to them are used concurrently. Types which are not `Sync` are not
 thread-safe, and thus when used in a global require unsafe code to use.
 
-[sync]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/core/kinds/trait.Sync.html
+[sync]: core/kinds/trait.Sync.html
 
 ### If mutable static items that implement `Sync` are safe, why is taking &mut SHARABLE unsafe?
 
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@ and explicitly calling the `clone` method. Making user-defined copy operators
 explicit surfaces the underlying complexity, forcing the developer to opt-in
 to potentially expensive operations.
 
-[copy]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/core/kinds/trait.Copy.html
-[clone]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/core/clone/trait.Clone.html
+[copy]: core/kinds/trait.Copy.html
+[clone]: core/clone/trait.Clone.html
 
 ## No move constructors
 

src/doc/guide-macros.md

@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 % The Rust Macros Guide
 
+<div class="unstable-feature">
+<b>Warning:</b> There are currently various problems with invoking macros, how
+they interact with their environment, and how they are used outside of the
+location in which they are defined. Macro definitions are likely to change
+slightly in the future. For this reason, they are hidden behind the
+<code>macro_rules</code> <a href="reference.html#compiler-features">feature
+attribute</a>.
+</div>
+
 # Introduction
 
 Functions are the primary tool that programmers can use to build abstractions.
@@ -448,6 +457,66 @@ fn main() {
 The two `'x` names did not clash, which would have caused the loop
 to print "I am never printed" and to run forever.
 
+# Scoping and macro import/export
+
+Macros occupy a single global namespace. The interaction with Rust's system of
+modules and crates is somewhat complex.
+
+Definition and expansion of macros both happen in a single depth-first,
+lexical-order traversal of a crate's source. So a macro defined at module scope
+is visible to any subsequent code in the same module, which includes the body
+of any subsequent child `mod` items.
+
+If a module has the `macro_escape` attribute, its macros are also visible in
+its parent module after the child's `mod` item. If the parent also has
+`macro_escape` then the macros will be visible in the grandparent after the
+parent's `mod` item, and so forth.
+
+Independent of `macro_escape`, the `macro_export` attribute controls visibility
+between crates.  Any `macro_rules!` definition with the `macro_export`
+attribute will be visible to other crates that have loaded this crate with
+`phase(plugin)`. There is currently no way for the importing crate to control
+which macros are imported.
+
+An example:
+
+```rust
+# #![feature(macro_rules)]
+macro_rules! m1 (() => (()))
+
+// visible here: m1
+
+mod foo {
+    // visible here: m1
+
+    #[macro_export]
+    macro_rules! m2 (() => (()))
+
+    // visible here: m1, m2
+}
+
+// visible here: m1
+
+macro_rules! m3 (() => (()))
+
+// visible here: m1, m3
+
+#[macro_escape]
+mod bar {
+    // visible here: m1, m3
+
+    macro_rules! m4 (() => (()))
+
+    // visible here: m1, m3, m4
+}
+
+// visible here: m1, m3, m4
+# fn main() { }
+```
+
+When this library is loaded with `#[phase(plugin)] extern crate`, only `m2`
+will be imported.
+
 # A final note
 
 Macros, as currently implemented, are not for the faint of heart. Even
@@ -457,3 +526,10 @@ tricky. Invoking the `log_syntax!` macro can help elucidate intermediate
 states, invoking `trace_macros!(true)` will automatically print those
 intermediate states out, and passing the flag `--pretty expanded` as a
 command-line argument to the compiler will show the result of expansion.
+
+If Rust's macro system can't do what you need, you may want to write a
+[compiler plugin](guide-plugin.html) instead. Compared to `macro_rules!`
+macros, this is significantly more work, the interfaces are much less stable,
+and the warnings about debugging apply ten-fold. In exchange you get the
+flexibility of running arbitrary Rust code within the compiler. Syntax
+extension plugins are sometimes called "procedural macros" for this reason.