Continue reporting remaining errors instead of silently dropping them

compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/checks.rs

@@ -740,8 +740,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         });
 
         // We're done if we found errors, but we already emitted them.
-        if let Some(reported) = reported {
-            assert!(errors.is_empty());
+        if let Some(reported) = reported
+            && errors.is_empty()
+        {
             return reported;
         }
         assert!(!errors.is_empty());

tests/ui/typeck/cyclic_type_ice.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+fn thing() {
+    let f = |_, _| ();
+    f(f); //~ ERROR: closure/coroutine type that references itself
+    //~^ ERROR: this function takes 2 arguments but 1 argument was supplied
+}
+
+fn main() {}

tests/ui/typeck/cyclic_type_ice.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+error[E0644]: closure/coroutine type that references itself
+  --> $DIR/cyclic_type_ice.rs:3:7
+   |
+LL |     f(f);
+   |       ^ cyclic type of infinite size
+   |
+   = note: closures cannot capture themselves or take themselves as argument;
+           this error may be the result of a recent compiler bug-fix,
+           see issue #46062 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/46062>
+           for more information
+
+error[E0057]: this function takes 2 arguments but 1 argument was supplied
+  --> $DIR/cyclic_type_ice.rs:3:5
+   |
+LL |     f(f);
+   |     ^--- an argument is missing
+   |
+note: closure defined here
+  --> $DIR/cyclic_type_ice.rs:2:13
+   |
+LL |     let f = |_, _| ();
+   |             ^^^^^^
+help: provide the argument
+   |
+LL |     f(/*  */, /*  */);
+   |      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+
+Some errors have detailed explanations: E0057, E0644.
+For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0057`.