Currently the json-formatted outputs have no way to unambiguously
determine which kind of message is being output. A consumer can look for
specific fields in the json object (eg "message"), but there's no
guarantee that in future some other kind of output will have a field of
the same name.

This PR adds a `"type"` field to add json outputs which can be used to
unambiguously determine which kind of output it is. The mapping is:

diagnostic: regular compiler diagnostics
artifact: artifact notifications
future_incompat: Report of future incompatibility
unused_extern: Unused crate warnings/errors

This matches the "internally tagged" representation for serde enums.

…sistency.

Avoids an unnecessary intermediate string.

`type` turned out to be controversial.

…update_cg_gcc_2023-10-25

…update_cg_gcc_2023-10-25

Fix vector compilation error

Do not emit .eh_frame section if using -Cpanic=abort

Feature/comment section

…signed and unsigned shift amounts in the same branch

…1_17

Sync from rust 2023/11/17

…update_cg_gcc_2023-11-17

…negative coherence

Add arm64e-apple-ios & arm64e-apple-darwin targets

This introduces

*  `arm64e-apple-ios`
*  `arm64e-apple-darwin`

Rust targets for support `arm64e` architecture on `iOS` and `Darwin`.

So, this is a first approach for integrating to the Rust compiler.

## Tier 3 Target Policy

> * A tier 3 target must have a designated developer or developers (the "target
maintainers") on record to be CCed when issues arise regarding the target.
(The mechanism to track and CC such developers may evolve over time.)

I will be the target maintainer.

> * Targets must use naming consistent with any existing targets; for instance, a
target for the same CPU or OS as an existing Rust target should use the same
name for that CPU or OS. Targets should normally use the same names and
naming conventions as used elsewhere in the broader ecosystem beyond Rust
(such as in other toolchains), unless they have a very good reason to
diverge. Changing the name of a target can be highly disruptive, especially
once the target reaches a higher tier, so getting the name right is important
even for a tier 3 target.
Target names should not introduce undue confusion or ambiguity unless
absolutely necessary to maintain ecosystem compatibility. For example, if
the name of the target makes people extremely likely to form incorrect
beliefs about what it targets, the name should be changed or augmented to
disambiguate it.
If possible, use only letters, numbers, dashes and underscores for the name.
Periods (.) are known to cause issues in Cargo.

The target names `arm64e-apple-ios`, `arm64e-apple-darwin` were derived from `aarch64-apple-ios`, `aarch64-apple-darwin`.
In this [ticket,](rust-lang#73628) people discussed the best suitable names for these targets.

> In some cases, the arm64e arch might be "different". For example:
> * `thread_set_state` might fail with (os/kern) protection failure if we try to call it from arm64 process to arm64e process.
> * The returning value of dlsym is PAC signed on arm64e, while left untouched on arm64
> * Some function like pthread_create_from_mach_thread requires a PAC signed function pointer on arm64e, which is not required on arm64.

So, I have chosen them because there are similar triplets in LLVM. I think there are no more suitable names for these targets.

> * Tier 3 targets may have unusual requirements to build or use, but must not
create legal issues or impose onerous legal terms for the Rust project or for
Rust developers or users.
The target must not introduce license incompatibilities.
Anything added to the Rust repository must be under the standard Rust
license (MIT OR Apache-2.0).
The target must not cause the Rust tools or libraries built for any other
host (even when supporting cross-compilation to the target) to depend
on any new dependency less permissive than the Rust licensing policy. This
applies whether the dependency is a Rust crate that would require adding
new license exceptions (as specified by the tidy tool in the
rust-lang/rust repository), or whether the dependency is a native library
or binary. In other words, the introduction of the target must not cause a
user installing or running a version of Rust or the Rust tools to be
subject to any new license requirements.
Compiling, linking, and emitting functional binaries, libraries, or other
code for the target (whether hosted on the target itself or cross-compiling
from another target) must not depend on proprietary (non-FOSS) libraries.
Host tools built for the target itself may depend on the ordinary runtime
libraries supplied by the platform and commonly used by other applications
built for the target, but those libraries must not be required for code
generation for the target; cross-compilation to the target must not require
such libraries at all. For instance, rustc built for the target may
depend on a common proprietary C runtime library or console output library,
but must not depend on a proprietary code generation library or code
optimization library. Rust's license permits such combinations, but the
Rust project has no interest in maintaining such combinations within the
scope of Rust itself, even at tier 3.
"onerous" here is an intentionally subjective term. At a minimum, "onerous"
legal/licensing terms include but are not limited to: non-disclosure
requirements, non-compete requirements, contributor license agreements
(CLAs) or equivalent, "non-commercial"/"research-only"/etc terms,
requirements conditional on the employer or employment of any particular
Rust developers, revocable terms, any requirements that create liability
for the Rust project or its developers or users, or any requirements that
adversely affect the livelihood or prospects of the Rust project or its
developers or users.

No dependencies were added to Rust.

> * Neither this policy nor any decisions made regarding targets shall create any
binding agreement or estoppel by any party. If any member of an approving
Rust team serves as one of the maintainers of a target, or has any legal or
employment requirement (explicit or implicit) that might affect their
decisions regarding a target, they must recuse themselves from any approval
decisions regarding the target's tier status, though they may otherwise
participate in discussions.
>    * This requirement does not prevent part or all of this policy from being
cited in an explicit contract or work agreement (e.g. to implement or
maintain support for a target). This requirement exists to ensure that a
developer or team responsible for reviewing and approving a target does not
face any legal threats or obligations that would prevent them from freely
exercising their judgment in such approval, even if such judgment involves
subjective matters or goes beyond the letter of these requirements.

Understood.
I am not a member of a Rust team.

> * Tier 3 targets should attempt to implement as much of the standard libraries
as possible and appropriate (core for most targets, alloc for targets
that can support dynamic memory allocation, std for targets with an
operating system or equivalent layer of system-provided functionality), but
may leave some code unimplemented (either unavailable or stubbed out as
appropriate), whether because the target makes it impossible to implement or
challenging to implement. The authors of pull requests are not obligated to
avoid calling any portions of the standard library on the basis of a tier 3
target not implementing those portions.

Understood.
`std` is supported.

> * The target must provide documentation for the Rust community explaining how
to build for the target, using cross-compilation if possible. If the target
supports running binaries, or running tests (even if they do not pass), the
documentation must explain how to run such binaries or tests for the target,
using emulation if possible or dedicated hardware if necessary.

Building is described in the derived target doc.

> * Tier 3 targets must not impose burden on the authors of pull requests, or
other developers in the community, to maintain the target. In particular,
do not post comments (automated or manual) on a PR that derail or suggest a
block on the PR based on a tier 3 target. Do not send automated messages or
notifications (via any medium, including via `@)` to a PR author or others
involved with a PR regarding a tier 3 target, unless they have opted into
such messages.
>    * Backlinks such as those generated by the issue/PR tracker when linking to
an issue or PR are not considered a violation of this policy, within
reason. However, such messages (even on a separate repository) must not
generate notifications to anyone involved with a PR who has not requested
such notifications.

Understood.

> * Patches adding or updating tier 3 targets must not break any existing tier 2
or tier 1 target, and must not knowingly break another tier 3 target without
approval of either the compiler team or the maintainers of the other tier 3
target.
>     * In particular, this may come up when working on closely related targets,
such as variations of the same architecture with different features. Avoid
introducing unconditional uses of features that another variation of the
target may not have; use conditional compilation or runtime detection, as
appropriate, to let each target run code supported by that target.

These targets are not fully ABI compatible with arm64e code.

rust-lang#73628

Add `$message_type` field to distinguish json diagnostic outputs

Currently the json-formatted outputs have no way to unambiguously determine which kind of message is being output. A consumer can look for specific fields in the json object (eg "message"), but there's no guarantee that in future some other kind of output will have a field of the same name.

This PR adds a `"type"` field to add json outputs which can be used to unambiguously determine which kind of output it is. The mapping is:

`diagnostic`: regular compiler diagnostics
`artifact`: artifact notifications
`future_incompat`: Future incompatibility report
`unused_extern`: Unused crate warnings/errors

This matches the "internally tagged" representation for serde enums.

…ochenkov

Avoid iterating over hashmaps in astconv

interpret: simplify handling of shifts by no longer trying to handle signed and unsigned shift amounts in the same branch

While we're at it, also update comments in codegen and MIR building related to shifts, and fix the overflow error printed by Miri on negative shift amounts.

…=davidtwco

Recover `dyn` and `impl` after `for<...>`

Recover `dyn` and `impl` after `for<...>` in types. Reuses the logic for parsing bare trait objects, so it doesn't fix cases like `for<'a> dyn Trait + dyn Trait` or anything, but that seems somewhat of a different issue.

Parsing recovery logic is a bit involved, but I couldn't find a way to simplify it.

Fixes rust-lang#117882

if available use a Child's pidfd for kill/wait

This should get us closer to stabilization of pidfds since they now do something useful. And they're `CLOEXEC` now.

```
$ strace -ffe clone,sendmsg,recvmsg,execve,kill,pidfd_open,pidfd_send_signal,waitpid,waitid ./x test std --no-doc -- pidfd

[...]
running 1 tests
strace: Process 816007 attached
[pid 816007] pidfd_open(816006, 0)      = 3
[pid 816007] clone(child_stack=NULL, flags=CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|SIGCHLD, child_tidptr=0x7f0c6b787990) = 816008
strace: Process 816008 attached
[pid 816007] recvmsg(3,  <unfinished ...>
[pid 816008] pidfd_open(816008, 0)      = 3
[pid 816008] sendmsg(4, {msg_name=NULL, msg_namelen=0, msg_iov=[{iov_base="", iov_len=0}], msg_iovlen=1, msg_control=[{cmsg_len=20, cmsg_level=SOL_SOCKET, cmsg_type=SCM_RIGHTS, cmsg_data=[3]}], msg_controllen=24, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 0
[pid 816007] <... recvmsg resumed>{msg_name=NULL, msg_namelen=0, msg_iov=[{iov_base="", iov_len=0}], msg_iovlen=1, msg_control=[{cmsg_len=20, cmsg_level=SOL_SOCKET, cmsg_type=SCM_RIGHTS, cmsg_data=[4]}], msg_controllen=24, msg_flags=MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC}, MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) = 0
[pid 816008] execve("/usr/bin/false", ["false"], 0x7ffcf2100048 /* 105 vars */) = 0
[pid 816007] waitid(P_PIDFD, 4,  <unfinished ...>
[pid 816008] +++ exited with 1 +++
[pid 816007] <... waitid resumed>{si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=816008, si_uid=1001, si_status=1, si_utime=0, si_stime=0}, WEXITED, NULL) = 0
[pid 816007] --- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=816008, si_uid=1001, si_status=1, si_utime=0, si_stime=0} ---
[pid 816007] clone(child_stack=NULL, flags=CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|SIGCHLDstrace: Process 816009 attached
, child_tidptr=0x7f0c6b787990) = 816009
[pid 816007] recvmsg(3,  <unfinished ...>
[pid 816009] pidfd_open(816009, 0)      = 3
[pid 816009] sendmsg(5, {msg_name=NULL, msg_namelen=0, msg_iov=[{iov_base="", iov_len=0}], msg_iovlen=1, msg_control=[{cmsg_len=20, cmsg_level=SOL_SOCKET, cmsg_type=SCM_RIGHTS, cmsg_data=[3]}], msg_controllen=24, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 0
[pid 816007] <... recvmsg resumed>{msg_name=NULL, msg_namelen=0, msg_iov=[{iov_base="", iov_len=0}], msg_iovlen=1, msg_control=[{cmsg_len=20, cmsg_level=SOL_SOCKET, cmsg_type=SCM_RIGHTS, cmsg_data=[5]}], msg_controllen=24, msg_flags=MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC}, MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) = 0
[pid 816009] execve("/usr/bin/sleep", ["sleep", "1000"], 0x7ffcf2100048 /* 105 vars */) = 0
[pid 816007] waitid(P_PIDFD, 5, {}, WNOHANG|WEXITED, NULL) = 0
[pid 816007] pidfd_send_signal(5, SIGKILL, NULL, 0) = 0
[pid 816007] waitid(P_PIDFD, 5,  <unfinished ...>
[pid 816009] +++ killed by SIGKILL +++
[pid 816007] <... waitid resumed>{si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_KILLED, si_pid=816009, si_uid=1001, si_status=SIGKILL, si_utime=0, si_stime=0}, WEXITED, NULL) = 0
[pid 816007] --- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_KILLED, si_pid=816009, si_uid=1001, si_status=SIGKILL, si_utime=0, si_stime=0} ---
[pid 816007] +++ exited with 0 +++
```

…-in-coherence, r=lcnr

Ignore but do not assume region obligations from unifying headers in negative coherence

Partly addresses a FIXME that was added in rust-lang#112875. Just as we can throw away the nested trait/projection obligations from unifying two impl headers, we can also just throw away the region obligations too.

I removed part of the FIXME that was incorrect, namely:
> Given that the only region constraints we get are involving inference regions in the root, it shouldn't matter, but still sus.

This is not true when unifying `fn(A)` and `for<'b> fn(&'b B)` which ends up with placeholder region outlives from non-root universes. I'm pretty sure this is okay, though it would be nice if we were to use them as assumptions. See the `explicit` revision of the test I committed, which still fails.

Fixes rust-lang#117986

r? lcnr, feel free to reassign tho.

…11-17, r=cjgillot

subtree update cg_gcc 2023/11/17