Add #[derive(Volatile)] for easy, access-limited field-based access…

… to structs

Signed-off-by: Martin Kröning <martin.kroening@eonerc.rwth-aachen.de>

Cargo.toml

@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@ repository = "https://github.com/rust-osdev/volatile"
 edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
+volatile-macro = { version = "0.5.2", optional = true, path = "volatile-macro" }
 
 [features]
+derive = ["dep:volatile-macro"]
 # Enable unstable features; requires Rust nightly; might break on compiler updates
 unstable = []
 # Enable unstable and experimental features; requires Rust nightly; might break on compiler updates
@@ -28,3 +30,6 @@ pre-release-commit-message = "Release version {{version}}"
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 features = ["unstable"]
+
+[workspace]
+members = ["volatile-macro"]

src/lib.rs

@@ -42,6 +42,64 @@
 #![warn(missing_docs)]
 #![deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
 
+/// A derive macro for method-based accesses to volatile structures.
+///
+/// This macro allows you to access the fields of a volatile structure via methods that enforce access limitations.
+/// It is also more easily chainable than [`map_field`].
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use volatile::access::ReadOnly;
+/// use volatile::{Volatile, VolatilePtr, VolatileRef};
+///
+/// #[repr(C)]
+/// #[derive(Volatile, Default)]
+/// pub struct DeviceConfig {
+///     feature_select: u32,
+///     #[access(ReadOnly)]
+///     feature: u32,
+/// }
+///
+/// let mut device_config = DeviceConfig::default();
+/// let mut volatile_ref = VolatileRef::from_mut_ref(&mut device_config);
+/// let mut volatile_ptr = volatile_ref.as_mut_ptr();
+///
+/// volatile_ptr.feature_select().write(42);
+/// assert_eq!(volatile_ptr.feature_select().read(), 42);
+///
+/// // This does not compile, because we specified `#[access(ReadOnly)]` for this field.
+/// // volatile_ptr.feature().write(42);
+///
+/// // A real device might have changed the value, though.
+/// assert_eq!(volatile_ptr.feature().read(), 0);
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Details
+///
+/// This macro generates a new trait (`{T}Volatile`) and implements it for `VolatilePtr<'a, T, ReadWrite>`.
+/// The example above results in (roughly) the following code:
+///
+/// ```
+/// pub trait DeviceConfigVolatile<'a> {
+///     fn feature_select(self) -> VolatilePtr<'a, u32, ReadWrite>;
+///
+///     fn feature(self) -> VolatilePtr<'a, u32, ReadOnly>;
+/// }
+///
+/// impl<'a> DeviceConfigVolatile<'a> for VolatilePtr<'a, DeviceConfig, ReadWrite> {
+///     fn feature_select(self) -> VolatilePtr<'a, u32, ReadWrite> {
+///         map_field!(self.feature_select).restrict()
+///     }
+///
+///     fn feature(self) -> VolatilePtr<'a, u32, ReadOnly> {
+///         map_field!(self.feature).restrict()
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(feature = "derive")]
+pub use volatile_macro::Volatile;
+
 pub use volatile_ptr::VolatilePtr;
 pub use volatile_ref::VolatileRef;
 

volatile-macro/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[package]
+name = "volatile-macro"
+version = "0.5.2"
+authors = ["Martin Kröning <mkroening@posteo.net>"]
+edition = "2021"
+description = "Procedural macros for the volatile crate."
+repository = "https://github.com/rust-osdev/volatile"
+license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
+keywords = ["volatile"]
+categories = ["no-std", "no-std::no-alloc"]
+
+[lib]
+proc-macro = true
+
+[dependencies]
+proc-macro2 = "1"
+quote = "1"
+syn = { version = "2", features = ["full"] }

volatile-macro/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+use proc_macro::TokenStream;
+use proc_macro2::TokenStream as TokenStream2;
+use quote::ToTokens;
+use syn::parse_macro_input;
+
+macro_rules! bail {
+    ($span:expr, $($tt:tt)*) => {
+        return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned($span, format!($($tt)*)))
+    };
+}
+
+mod volatile;
+
+#[proc_macro_derive(Volatile, attributes(access))]
+pub fn derive_volatile(item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    match volatile::derive_volatile(parse_macro_input!(item)) {
+        Ok(items) => {
+            let mut tokens = TokenStream2::new();
+            for item in &items {
+                item.to_tokens(&mut tokens);
+            }
+            tokens.into()
+        }
+        Err(e) => e.to_compile_error().into(),
+    }
+}

volatile-macro/src/volatile.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+use quote::format_ident;
+use syn::{
+    parse_quote, Attribute, Fields, Ident, Item, ItemImpl, ItemStruct, ItemTrait, Path, Result,
+    Signature, Visibility,
+};
+
+fn validate_input(input: &ItemStruct) -> Result<()> {
+    if !matches!(&input.fields, Fields::Named(_)) {
+        bail!(
+            &input.fields,
+            "#[derive(Volatile)] can only be used on structs with named fields"
+        );
+    }
+
+    if !input.generics.params.is_empty() {
+        bail!(
+            &input.generics,
+            "#[derive(Volatile)] cannot be used with generic structs"
+        );
+    }
+
+    let mut valid_repr = false;
+    for attr in &input.attrs {
+        if attr.path().is_ident("repr") {
+            let ident = attr.parse_args::<Ident>()?;
+            if ident == "C" || ident == "transparent" {
+                valid_repr = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if !valid_repr {
+        bail!(
+            &input.ident,
+            "#[derive(Volatile)] structs must be `#[repr(C)]` or `#[repr(transparent)]`"
+        );
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn parse_attrs(fields: &Fields) -> Result<Vec<Vec<Attribute>>> {
+    let mut attrss = vec![];
+
+    for field in fields.iter() {
+        let mut attrs = vec![];
+        for attr in &field.attrs {
+            if attr.path().is_ident("doc") {
+                attrs.push(attr.clone());
+            }
+        }
+        attrss.push(attrs);
+    }
+
+    Ok(attrss)
+}
+
+fn parse_sigs(fields: &Fields) -> Result<Vec<Signature>> {
+    let mut sigs = vec![];
+
+    for field in fields.iter() {
+        let ident = field.ident.as_ref().unwrap();
+        let ty = &field.ty;
+
+        let mut access: Path = parse_quote! { ::volatile::access::ReadWrite };
+        for attr in &field.attrs {
+            if attr.path().is_ident("access") {
+                access = attr.parse_args()?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let sig = parse_quote! {
+            fn #ident(self) -> ::volatile::VolatilePtr<'a, #ty, #access>
+        };
+        sigs.push(sig);
+    }
+
+    Ok(sigs)
+}
+
+fn emit_trait(
+    vis: &Visibility,
+    ident: &Ident,
+    attrs: &[Vec<Attribute>],
+    sigs: &[Signature],
+) -> Result<ItemTrait> {
+    let item_trait = parse_quote! {
+        #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+        #vis trait #ident <'a> {
+            #(
+                #(#attrs)*
+                #sigs;
+            )*
+        }
+    };
+
+    Ok(item_trait)
+}
+
+fn emit_impl(trait_ident: &Ident, struct_ident: &Ident, sigs: &[Signature]) -> Result<ItemImpl> {
+    let fields = sigs.iter().map(|sig| &sig.ident);
+
+    let item_impl = parse_quote! {
+        #[automatically_derived]
+        impl<'a> #trait_ident<'a> for ::volatile::VolatilePtr<'a, #struct_ident, ::volatile::access::ReadWrite> {
+            #(
+                #sigs {
+                    ::volatile::map_field!(self.#fields).restrict()
+                }
+            )*
+        }
+    };
+
+    Ok(item_impl)
+}
+
+pub fn derive_volatile(input: ItemStruct) -> Result<Vec<Item>> {
+    validate_input(&input)?;
+    let attrs = parse_attrs(&input.fields)?;
+    let sigs = parse_sigs(&input.fields)?;
+    let trait_ident = format_ident!("{}Volatile", input.ident);
+
+    let item_trait = emit_trait(&input.vis, &trait_ident, &attrs, &sigs)?;
+    let item_impl = emit_impl(&item_trait.ident, &input.ident, &sigs)?;
+    Ok(vec![Item::Trait(item_trait), Item::Impl(item_impl)])
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use quote::{quote, ToTokens};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_derive() -> Result<()> {
+        let input = parse_quote! {
+            #[repr(C)]
+            #[derive(Volatile, Default)]
+            pub struct DeviceConfig {
+                feature_select: u32,
+                /// This is a good field.
+                #[access(ReadOnly)]
+                feature: u32,
+            }
+        };
+
+        let result = derive_volatile(input)?;
+
+        let expected_trait = quote! {
+            #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+            pub trait DeviceConfigVolatile<'a> {
+                fn feature_select(self) -> ::volatile::VolatilePtr<'a, u32, ::volatile::access::ReadWrite>;
+
+                /// This is a good field.
+                fn feature(self) -> ::volatile::VolatilePtr<'a, u32, ReadOnly>;
+            }
+        };
+
+        let expected_impl = quote! {
+            #[automatically_derived]
+            impl<'a> DeviceConfigVolatile<'a> for ::volatile::VolatilePtr<'a, DeviceConfig, ::volatile::access::ReadWrite> {
+                fn feature_select(self) -> ::volatile::VolatilePtr<'a, u32, ::volatile::access::ReadWrite> {
+                    ::volatile::map_field!(self.feature_select).restrict()
+                }
+
+                fn feature(self) -> ::volatile::VolatilePtr<'a, u32, ReadOnly> {
+                    ::volatile::map_field!(self.feature).restrict()
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            expected_trait.to_string(),
+            result[0].to_token_stream().to_string()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            expected_impl.to_string(),
+            result[1].to_token_stream().to_string()
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}