Replace distribution::Sample with Distribution + polymorphism over Rng

benches/distributions/exponential.rs

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ use std::mem::size_of;
 use test::Bencher;
 use rand;
 use rand::distributions::exponential::Exp;
-use rand::distributions::Sample;
+use rand::distributions::Distribution;
 
 #[bench]
 fn rand_exp(b: &mut Bencher) {
     let mut rng = rand::weak_rng();
-    let mut exp = Exp::new(2.71828 * 3.14159);
+    let exp = Exp::new(2.71828 * 3.14159);
 
     b.iter(|| {
         for _ in 0..::RAND_BENCH_N {

benches/distributions/gamma.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::mem::size_of;
 use test::Bencher;
 use rand;
-use rand::distributions::IndependentSample;
+use rand::distributions::Distribution;
 use rand::distributions::gamma::Gamma;
 
 #[bench]
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ fn bench_gamma_large_shape(b: &mut Bencher) {
 
     b.iter(|| {
         for _ in 0..::RAND_BENCH_N {
-            gamma.ind_sample(&mut rng);
+            gamma.sample(&mut rng);
         }
     });
     b.bytes = size_of::<f64>() as u64 * ::RAND_BENCH_N;
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ fn bench_gamma_small_shape(b: &mut Bencher) {
 
     b.iter(|| {
         for _ in 0..::RAND_BENCH_N {
-            gamma.ind_sample(&mut rng);
+            gamma.sample(&mut rng);
         }
     });
     b.bytes = size_of::<f64>() as u64 * ::RAND_BENCH_N;

benches/distributions/normal.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 use std::mem::size_of;
 use test::Bencher;
 use rand;
-use rand::distributions::Sample;
+use rand::distributions::Distribution;
 use rand::distributions::normal::Normal;
 
 #[bench]
 fn rand_normal(b: &mut Bencher) {
     let mut rng = rand::weak_rng();
-    let mut normal = Normal::new(-2.71828, 3.14159);
+    let normal = Normal::new(-2.71828, 3.14159);
 
     b.iter(|| {
         for _ in 0..::RAND_BENCH_N {

benches/generators.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ const BYTES_LEN: usize = 1024;
 use std::mem::size_of;
 use test::{black_box, Bencher};
 
-use rand::{RngCore, Rng, NewRng, StdRng, OsRng, JitterRng, EntropyRng};
+use rand::{RngCore, Rng, SeedableRng, NewRng, StdRng, OsRng, JitterRng, EntropyRng};
 use rand::{XorShiftRng, Hc128Rng, IsaacRng, Isaac64Rng, ChaChaRng};
 use rand::reseeding::ReseedingRng;
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ macro_rules! gen_uint {
     ($fnn:ident, $ty:ty, $gen:ident) => {
         #[bench]
         fn $fnn(b: &mut Bencher) {
-            let mut rng: $gen = OsRng::new().unwrap().gen();
+            let mut rng = $gen::new().unwrap();
             b.iter(|| {
                 for _ in 0..RAND_BENCH_N {
                     black_box(rng.gen::<$ty>());
@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ macro_rules! init_gen {
     ($fnn:ident, $gen:ident) => {
         #[bench]
         fn $fnn(b: &mut Bencher) {
-            let mut rng: XorShiftRng = OsRng::new().unwrap().gen();
+            let mut rng = XorShiftRng::new().unwrap();
             b.iter(|| {
-                let r2: $gen = rng.gen();
+                let r2 = $gen::from_rng(&mut rng).unwrap();
                 black_box(r2);
             });
         }

src/distributions/exponential.rs

@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@
 
 //! The exponential distribution.
 
-use {Rng, Rand};
-use distributions::{ziggurat, ziggurat_tables, Sample, IndependentSample};
+use {Rng};
+use distributions::{ziggurat, ziggurat_tables, Distribution};
 
-/// A wrapper around an `f64` to generate Exp(1) random numbers.
+/// Samples floating-point numbers according to the exponential distribution,
+/// with rate parameter `λ = 1`. This is equivalent to `Exp::new(1.0)` or
+/// sampling with `-rng.gen::<f64>().ln()`, but faster.
 ///
 /// See `Exp` for the general exponential distribution.
 ///
@@ -27,33 +29,33 @@ use distributions::{ziggurat, ziggurat_tables, Sample, IndependentSample};
 /// College, Oxford
 ///
 /// # Example
-///
 /// ```rust
-/// use rand::distributions::exponential::Exp1;
+/// use rand::{weak_rng, Rng};
+/// use rand::distributions::Exp1;
 ///
-/// let Exp1(x) = rand::random();
-/// println!("{}", x);
+/// let val: f64 = weak_rng().sample(Exp1);
+/// println!("{}", val);
 /// ```
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-pub struct Exp1(pub f64);
+pub struct Exp1;
 
 // This could be done via `-rng.gen::<f64>().ln()` but that is slower.
-impl Rand for Exp1 {
+impl Distribution<f64> for Exp1 {
     #[inline]
-    fn rand<R:Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Exp1 {
+    fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> f64 {
         #[inline]
         fn pdf(x: f64) -> f64 {
             (-x).exp()
         }
         #[inline]
-        fn zero_case<R:Rng>(rng: &mut R, _u: f64) -> f64 {
+        fn zero_case<R: Rng + ?Sized>(rng: &mut R, _u: f64) -> f64 {
             ziggurat_tables::ZIG_EXP_R - rng.gen::<f64>().ln()
         }
 
-        Exp1(ziggurat(rng, false,
-                      &ziggurat_tables::ZIG_EXP_X,
-                      &ziggurat_tables::ZIG_EXP_F,
-                      pdf, zero_case))
+        ziggurat(rng, false,
+                 &ziggurat_tables::ZIG_EXP_X,
+                 &ziggurat_tables::ZIG_EXP_F,
+                 pdf, zero_case)
     }
 }
 
@@ -65,10 +67,10 @@ impl Rand for Exp1 {
 /// # Example
 ///
 /// ```rust
-/// use rand::distributions::{Exp, IndependentSample};
+/// use rand::distributions::{Exp, Distribution};
 ///
 /// let exp = Exp::new(2.0);
-/// let v = exp.ind_sample(&mut rand::thread_rng());
+/// let v = exp.sample(&mut rand::thread_rng());
 /// println!("{} is from a Exp(2) distribution", v);
 /// ```
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
@@ -87,28 +89,25 @@ impl Exp {
     }
 }
 
-impl Sample<f64> for Exp {
-    fn sample<R: Rng>(&mut self, rng: &mut R) -> f64 { self.ind_sample(rng) }
-}
-impl IndependentSample<f64> for Exp {
-    fn ind_sample<R: Rng>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> f64 {
-        let Exp1(n) = rng.gen::<Exp1>();
+impl Distribution<f64> for Exp {
+    fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> f64 {
+        let n: f64 = rng.sample(Exp1);
         n * self.lambda_inverse
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-    use distributions::{Sample, IndependentSample};
+    use distributions::Distribution;
     use super::Exp;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_exp() {
-        let mut exp = Exp::new(10.0);
+        let exp = Exp::new(10.0);
         let mut rng = ::test::rng(221);
         for _ in 0..1000 {
             assert!(exp.sample(&mut rng) >= 0.0);
-            assert!(exp.ind_sample(&mut rng) >= 0.0);
+            assert!(exp.sample(&mut rng) >= 0.0);
         }
     }
     #[test]

src/distributions/float.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// https://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Basic floating-point number distributions
+
+
+/// A distribution to sample floating point numbers uniformly in the open
+/// interval `(0, 1)` (not including either endpoint).
+///
+/// See also: [`Closed01`] for the closed `[0, 1]`; [`Uniform`] for the
+/// half-open `[0, 1)`.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```rust
+/// use rand::{weak_rng, Rng};
+/// use rand::distributions::Open01;
+///
+/// let val: f32 = weak_rng().sample(Open01);
+/// println!("f32 from (0,1): {}", val);
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`Uniform`]: struct.Uniform.html
+/// [`Closed01`]: struct.Closed01.html
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct Open01;
+
+/// A distribution to sample floating point numbers uniformly in the closed
+/// interval `[0, 1]` (including both endpoints).
+///
+/// See also: [`Open01`] for the open `(0, 1)`; [`Uniform`] for the half-open
+/// `[0, 1)`.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```rust
+/// use rand::{weak_rng, Rng};
+/// use rand::distributions::Closed01;
+///
+/// let val: f32 = weak_rng().sample(Closed01);
+/// println!("f32 from [0,1]: {}", val);
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`Uniform`]: struct.Uniform.html
+/// [`Open01`]: struct.Open01.html
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct Closed01;
+
+
+macro_rules! float_impls {
+    ($mod_name:ident, $ty:ty, $mantissa_bits:expr, $method_name:ident) => {
+        mod $mod_name {
+            use Rng;
+            use distributions::{Distribution, Uniform};
+            use super::{Open01, Closed01};
+
+            const SCALE: $ty = (1u64 << $mantissa_bits) as $ty;
+
+            impl Distribution<$ty> for Uniform {
+                /// Generate a floating point number in the half-open
+                /// interval `[0,1)`.
+                ///
+                /// See `Closed01` for the closed interval `[0,1]`,
+                /// and `Open01` for the open interval `(0,1)`.
+                #[inline]
+                fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> $ty {
+                    rng.$method_name()
+                }
+            }
+            impl Distribution<$ty> for Open01 {
+                #[inline]
+                fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> $ty {
+                    // add 0.5 * epsilon, so that smallest number is
+                    // greater than 0, and largest number is still
+                    // less than 1, specifically 1 - 0.5 * epsilon.
+                    rng.$method_name() + 0.5 / SCALE
+                }
+            }
+            impl Distribution<$ty> for Closed01 {
+                #[inline]
+                fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> $ty {
+                    // rescale so that 1.0 - epsilon becomes 1.0
+                    // precisely.
+                    rng.$method_name() * SCALE / (SCALE - 1.0)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+float_impls! { f64_rand_impls, f64, 52, next_f64 }
+float_impls! { f32_rand_impls, f32, 23, next_f32 }
+
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use {Rng, RngCore, impls};
+    use distributions::{Open01, Closed01};
+
+    const EPSILON32: f32 = ::core::f32::EPSILON;
+    const EPSILON64: f64 = ::core::f64::EPSILON;
+
+    struct ConstantRng(u64);
+    impl RngCore for ConstantRng {
+        fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
+            let ConstantRng(v) = *self;
+            v as u32
+        }
+        fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
+            let ConstantRng(v) = *self;
+            v
+        }
+
+        fn fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) {
+            impls::fill_bytes_via_u64(self, dest)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn floating_point_edge_cases() {
+        let mut zeros = ConstantRng(0);
+        assert_eq!(zeros.gen::<f32>(), 0.0);
+        assert_eq!(zeros.gen::<f64>(), 0.0);
+
+        let mut one = ConstantRng(1);
+        assert_eq!(one.gen::<f32>(), EPSILON32);
+        assert_eq!(one.gen::<f64>(), EPSILON64);
+
+        let mut max = ConstantRng(!0);
+        assert_eq!(max.gen::<f32>(), 1.0 - EPSILON32);
+        assert_eq!(max.gen::<f64>(), 1.0 - EPSILON64);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fp_closed_edge_cases() {
+        let mut zeros = ConstantRng(0);
+        assert_eq!(zeros.sample::<f32, _>(Closed01), 0.0);
+        assert_eq!(zeros.sample::<f64, _>(Closed01), 0.0);
+
+        let mut one = ConstantRng(1);
+        let one32 = one.sample::<f32, _>(Closed01);
+        let one64 = one.sample::<f64, _>(Closed01);
+        assert!(EPSILON32 < one32 && one32 < EPSILON32 * 1.01);
+        assert!(EPSILON64 < one64 && one64 < EPSILON64 * 1.01);
+
+        let mut max = ConstantRng(!0);
+        assert_eq!(max.sample::<f32, _>(Closed01), 1.0);
+        assert_eq!(max.sample::<f64, _>(Closed01), 1.0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fp_open_edge_cases() {
+        let mut zeros = ConstantRng(0);
+        assert_eq!(zeros.sample::<f32, _>(Open01), 0.0 + EPSILON32 / 2.0);
+        assert_eq!(zeros.sample::<f64, _>(Open01), 0.0 + EPSILON64 / 2.0);
+
+        let mut one = ConstantRng(1);
+        let one32 = one.sample::<f32, _>(Open01);
+        let one64 = one.sample::<f64, _>(Open01);
+        assert!(EPSILON32 < one32 && one32 < EPSILON32 * 2.0);
+        assert!(EPSILON64 < one64 && one64 < EPSILON64 * 2.0);
+
+        let mut max = ConstantRng(!0);
+        assert_eq!(max.sample::<f32, _>(Open01), 1.0 - EPSILON32 / 2.0);
+        assert_eq!(max.sample::<f64, _>(Open01), 1.0 - EPSILON64 / 2.0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rand_open() {
+        // this is unlikely to catch an incorrect implementation that
+        // generates exactly 0 or 1, but it keeps it sane.
+        let mut rng = ::test::rng(510);
+        for _ in 0..1_000 {
+            // strict inequalities
+            let f: f64 = rng.sample(Open01);
+            assert!(0.0 < f && f < 1.0);
+
+            let f: f32 = rng.sample(Open01);
+            assert!(0.0 < f && f < 1.0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rand_closed() {
+        let mut rng = ::test::rng(511);
+        for _ in 0..1_000 {
+            // strict inequalities
+            let f: f64 = rng.sample(Closed01);
+            assert!(0.0 <= f && f <= 1.0);
+
+            let f: f32 = rng.sample(Closed01);
+            assert!(0.0 <= f && f <= 1.0);
+        }
+    }
+}