gh-38862: some spaces around % in pyx files

    
adding spaces around modulo signs in some pyx files (pycodestyle E228)

### 📝 Checklist

- [x] The title is concise and informative.
- [x] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
- [ ] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
- [ ] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [ ] I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation
preview.
    
URL: #38862
Reported by: Frédéric Chapoton
Reviewer(s): David Coudert

src/sage/coding/codecan/autgroup_can_label.pyx

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class LinearCodeAutGroupCanLabel:
         from sage.coding.linear_code import LinearCode, AbstractLinearCode
 
         if not isinstance(C, AbstractLinearCode):
-            raise TypeError("%s is not a linear code"%C)
+            raise TypeError("%s is not a linear code" % C)
 
         self.C = C
         mat = C.generator_matrix()

src/sage/combinat/rigged_configurations/rigged_partition.pyx

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ cdef class RiggedPartition(SageObject):
 
         from sage.combinat.rigged_configurations.rigged_configurations import RiggedConfigurations
         if RiggedConfigurations.options.convention == 'English':
-            ret_string += "\\cline{2-%s} "%(1+num_cols) + latex(self.vacancy_numbers[0])
+            ret_string += "\\cline{2-%s} " % (1+num_cols) + latex(self.vacancy_numbers[0])
             for i, row_len in enumerate(self._list):
 
                 ret_string += " &" + "\\phantom{|}&"*row_len
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ cdef class RiggedPartition(SageObject):
             ret_string += "\n\\end{array}\n}"
         else:
             for i, row_len in enumerate(reversed(self._list)):
-                ret_string += "\\cline{2-%s} "%(1 + row_len) + latex(self.vacancy_numbers[-i-1])
+                ret_string += "\\cline{2-%s} " % (1 + row_len) + latex(self.vacancy_numbers[-i-1])
                 ret_string += " &" + "\\phantom{|}&"*row_len
 
                 if num_cols == row_len:
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ cdef class RiggedPartition(SageObject):
                     ret_string += "}{l}{" + latex(self.rigging[-i-1]) + "}"
 
                 ret_string += " \\\\\n"
-            ret_string += "\\cline{2-%s}\n\\end{array}\n}"%(1 + num_cols)
+            ret_string += "\\cline{2-%s}\n\\end{array}\n}" % (1 + num_cols)
 
         return ret_string
 
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ cdef class RiggedPartitionTypeB(RiggedPartition):
         ret_string = "{\n\\begin{array}[t]{r|" + "c|"*num_cols + "l}\n"
 
         if RiggedConfigurations.options.convention == 'English':
-            ret_string += "\\cline{2-%s} "%(1+num_cols) + latex(self.vacancy_numbers[0])
+            ret_string += "\\cline{2-%s} " % (1+num_cols) + latex(self.vacancy_numbers[0])
             for i, row_len in enumerate(self._list):
                 ret_string += " &" + box_str*row_len
 
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ cdef class RiggedPartitionTypeB(RiggedPartition):
             ret_string += "\n\\end{array}\n}"
         else:
             for i, row_len in enumerate(reversed(self._list)):
-                ret_string += "\\cline{2-%s} "%(1 + row_len)
+                ret_string += "\\cline{2-%s} " % (1 + row_len)
                 ret_string += latex(self.vacancy_numbers[-i-1])
                 ret_string += " &" + box_str*row_len
 
@@ -674,6 +674,6 @@ cdef class RiggedPartitionTypeB(RiggedPartition):
                     ret_string += "}{l}{" + latex(self.rigging[-i-1]) + "}"
 
                 ret_string += " \\\\\n"
-            ret_string += "\\cline{2-%s}\n\\end{array}\n}"%(1 + num_cols)
+            ret_string += "\\cline{2-%s}\n\\end{array}\n}" % (1 + num_cols)
 
         return ret_string

src/sage/groups/group.pyx

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ cdef class Group(Parent):
             if not isinstance(category, tuple):
                 category = (category,)
             if not any(cat.is_subcategory(Groups()) for cat in category):
-                raise ValueError("%s is not a subcategory of %s"%(category, Groups()))
+                raise ValueError("%s is not a subcategory of %s" % (category, Groups()))
         Parent.__init__(self, base=base, category=category)
 
     def is_abelian(self):

src/sage/groups/perm_gps/partn_ref/data_structures.pyx

@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ def OP_represent(int n, merges, perm):
     print("Finding:")
     for i in range(n):
         j = OP_find(OP, i)
-        s = "%d -> %d"%(i, j)
+        s = "%d -> %d" % (i, j)
         if i == j:
-            s += ", root: size=%d, mcr=%d, rank=%d"%\
+            s += ", root: size=%d, mcr=%d, rank=%d" % \
                    (OP.size[i], OP.mcr[i], OP.rank[i])
         print(s)
     print("Allocating array to test merge_perm.")
@@ -165,9 +165,9 @@ def OP_represent(int n, merges, perm):
     print("Finding:")
     for i in range(n):
         j = OP_find(OP, i)
-        s = "%d -> %d"%(i, j)
+        s = "%d -> %d" % (i, j)
         if i == j:
-            s += ", root: size=%d, mcr=%d, rank=%d"%\
+            s += ", root: size=%d, mcr=%d, rank=%d" % \
                    (OP.size[i], OP.mcr[i], OP.rank[i])
         print(s)
     print("Deallocating OrbitPartition.")
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ def PS_represent(partition, splits):
             print(PS.entries[i], PS.levels[i], i, n)
             good = False
     if not (PS.entries[n-1] == n-1 and PS.levels[n-1] == -1):
-        print("Failed at i = %d!"%(n-1))
+        print("Failed at i = %d!" % (n-1))
         good = False
     if not PS.degree == n or not PS.depth == 0:
         print("Incorrect degree or depth!")
@@ -486,8 +486,8 @@ def PS_represent(partition, splits):
     print("Creating PartitionStack from partition %s." % partition)
     PS = PS_from_list(partition)
     print("PartitionStack's data:")
-    print("entries -> %s"%[PS.entries[i] for i in range(n)])
-    print("levels -> %s"%[PS.levels[i] for i in range(n)])
+    print("entries -> %s" % [PS.entries[i] for i in range(n)])
+    print("levels -> %s" % [PS.levels[i] for i in range(n)])
     print("depth = %d, degree = %d" % (PS.depth,PS.degree))
     PS_print(PS)
     print("Checking PS_is_discrete:")
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ def PS_represent(partition, splits):
     good = True
     for i in range(n):
         if PS.entries[i] != PS2.entries[i] or PS.levels[i] != PS2.levels[i]:
-            print("Failed at i = %d!"%i)
+            print("Failed at i = %d!" % i)
             good = False
     if PS.degree != PS2.degree or PS.depth != PS2.depth:
         print("Failure with degree or depth!")
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ def PS_represent(partition, splits):
     PS_clear(PS2)
     PS_print(PS2)
     for s in splits:
-        print("Splitting point %d from original:"%s)
+        print("Splitting point %d from original:" % s)
         print(PS_split_point(PS, s))
         PS_print(PS)
     print("Getting permutation from PS2->PS:")
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ def PS_represent(partition, splits):
     print("Finding first smallest:")
     bitset_init(b, n)
     i = PS_first_smallest(PS, b)
-    print("Minimal element is %d, bitset is:"%i)
+    print("Minimal element is %d, bitset is:" % i)
     print(bitset_string(b))
     bitset_free(b)
     print("Finding element 1:")
@@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ cdef bint SC_is_giant(int n, int num_perms, int *perms, float p, bitset_t suppor
     # get a bit lost in the group, so our random elements are more random:
     SC_identify(perm, n)
     for i from 0 <= i < 10:
-        SC_mult_perms(perm, perm, perms + n*(rand()%num_perms), n)
+        SC_mult_perms(perm, perm, perms + n*(rand() % num_perms), n)
 
     # look for elements with cycles of prime length q, m/2 < q < m-2
     num_steps = <int> ceil(-log(1-p)*log(m)/log(2))
@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ cdef bint SC_is_giant(int n, int num_perms, int *perms, float p, bitset_t suppor
                         sig_free(perm)
                         OP_dealloc(OP)
                         return True
-        SC_mult_perms(perm, perm, perms + n*(rand()%num_perms), n)
+        SC_mult_perms(perm, perm, perms + n*(rand() % num_perms), n)
     OP_dealloc(OP)
     sig_free(perm)
     return False
@@ -1421,21 +1421,21 @@ def SC_test_list_perms(list L, int n, int limit, bint gap, bint limit_complain,
             m = bitset_len(giant_support)
             from sage.arith.misc import factorial
             if not (order == factorial(m) or order == factorial(m)/2):
-                print("SC_is_giant failed: %s %s"%(str(L), order))
+                print("SC_is_giant failed: %s %s" % (str(L), order))
                 raise AssertionError
             if order == factorial(n):
                 SC_dealloc(SC)
                 SC = SC_symmetric_group(n)
                 SC_order(SC,0,order.value)
                 if not order == factorial(n):
-                    print("SC_symmetric_group failed: %s %s"%(str(L), order))
+                    print("SC_symmetric_group failed: %s %s" % (str(L), order))
                     raise AssertionError
             elif order == factorial(n)/2:
                 SC_dealloc(SC)
                 SC = SC_alternating_group(n)
                 SC_order(SC,0,order.value)
                 if not order == factorial(n)/2:
-                    print("SC_alternating_group failed: %s %s"%(str(L), order))
+                    print("SC_alternating_group failed: %s %s" % (str(L), order))
                     raise AssertionError
         order2 = Integer(0)
         SC_order(SCC,0,order2.value)
@@ -1540,8 +1540,8 @@ def SC_test_list_perms(list L, int n, int limit, bint gap, bint limit_complain,
             if SC_is_giant(n, len(L), perm, 0.9, giant_support):
                 from sage.arith.misc import factorial
                 m = bitset_len(giant_support)
-                if order != factorial(m) and order != factorial(m)/2:
-                    print("SC_is_giant failed: %s %s"%(str(L), order))
+                if order != factorial(m) and order != factorial(m)//2:
+                    print("SC_is_giant failed: %s %s" % (str(L), order))
                     raise AssertionError
             if order != G.order():
                 print("FAIL {}".format(L))
@@ -1572,13 +1572,13 @@ def SC_test_list_perms(list L, int n, int limit, bint gap, bint limit_complain,
                     if bool(SC_says) != bool(gap_says):
                         print("FAIL {}".format(L))
                         print('element {}'.format(permy))
-                        print('GAP says %d, SC_contains(modify=0) says %d'%(gap_says, SC_says))
+                        print('GAP says %d, SC_contains(modify=0) says %d' % (gap_says, SC_says))
                         raise AssertionError
                     SC_says = SC_contains(SC, 0, perm, 1)
                     if bool(SC_says) != bool(gap_says):
                         print("FAIL {}".format(L))
                         print('element {}'.format(permy))
-                        print('GAP says %d, SC_contains(modify=0) says %d'%(gap_says, SC_says))
+                        print('GAP says %d, SC_contains(modify=0) says %d' % (gap_says, SC_says))
                         raise AssertionError
                     SC_random_element(SC, 0, perm)
                     for j from 0 <= j < n:

src/sage/groups/perm_gps/partn_ref/refinement_python.pyx

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ cdef class PythonPartitionStack:
             sage: P # implicit doctest
             PythonPartitionStack of degree 7 and depth 0.
         """
-        return "PythonPartitionStack of degree %d and depth %d."%(self.c_ps.degree, self.c_ps.depth)
+        return "PythonPartitionStack of degree %d and depth %d." % (self.c_ps.degree, self.c_ps.depth)
 
     def display(self):
         """

src/sage/groups/perm_gps/permgroup_element.pyx

@@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ cdef class PermutationGroupElement(MultiplicativeGroupElement):
             ...
             AssertionError: (1,3,5)(2,4,6) and [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] should have the same length
         """
-        assert len(x) == self.n, '%s and %s should have the same length'%(self, x)
+        assert len(x) == self.n, '%s and %s should have the same length' % (self, x)
         return [ x[self.perm[i]] for i in range(self.n) ]
 
     cpdef ClonableIntArray _act_on_array_on_position(self, ClonableIntArray x):
@@ -1146,7 +1146,7 @@ cdef class PermutationGroupElement(MultiplicativeGroupElement):
         cdef int i
         cdef ClonableIntArray y
         cdef int l = self.n
-        assert x._len == l, '%s and %s should have the same length'%(self, x)
+        assert x._len == l, '%s and %s should have the same length' % (self, x)
         y = x.clone()
         for i in range(l):
             y._list[i] = x._list[self.perm[i]]

src/sage/groups/semimonomial_transformations/semimonomial_transformation.pyx

@@ -243,8 +243,8 @@ cdef class SemimonomialTransformation(MultiplicativeGroupElement):
             sage: SemimonomialTransformationGroup(F, 4).an_element()  # indirect doctest
             ((a, 1, 1, 1); (1,4,3,2), Ring endomorphism of Finite Field in a of size 3^2 Defn: a |--> 2*a + 1)
         """
-        return "(%s; %s, %s)"%(self.v, self.perm.cycle_string(),
-                               self.get_autom())
+        return "(%s; %s, %s)" % (self.v, self.perm.cycle_string(),
+                                 self.get_autom())
 
     cpdef _richcmp_(left, _right, int op):
         """

src/sage/libs/coxeter3/coxeter.pyx

@@ -423,7 +423,8 @@ cdef class CoxGroup(SageObject):
             sage: W = CoxGroup(['A', 5]); W
             Coxeter group of type A and rank 5
         """
-        return "Coxeter group of type %s and rank %s"%(self.type(), self.rank())
+        return "Coxeter group of type %s and rank %s" % (self.type(),
+                                                         self.rank())
 
     def __iter__(self):
         """

src/sage/libs/eclib/homspace.pyx

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ cdef class ModularSymbols:
             sage: CremonaModularSymbols(37, cuspidal=True).__repr__()
             'Cremona Cuspidal Modular Symbols space of dimension 4 for Gamma_0(37) of weight 2 with sign 0'
         """
-        return "Cremona %sModular Symbols space of dimension %s for Gamma_0(%s) of weight 2 with sign %s"%(
+        return "Cremona %sModular Symbols space of dimension %s for Gamma_0(%s) of weight 2 with sign %s" % (
             'Cuspidal ' if self.is_cuspidal() else '',
             self.dimension(), self.level(), self.sign())
 

src/sage/libs/eclib/mat.pyx

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ cdef class Matrix:
             [-1  1  1 -1  0]
             [ 0 -1  0  0  0]
         """
-        return "%s x %s Cremona matrix over Rational Field"%(self.nrows(), self.ncols())
+        return "%s x %s Cremona matrix over Rational Field" % (self.nrows(), self.ncols())
 
     def str(self):
         r"""

src/sage/libs/eclib/mwrank.pyx

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ cdef class _bigint:
         if s.isdigit() or s[0] == "-" and s[1:].isdigit():
             self.x = str_to_bigint(str_to_bytes(s))
         else:
-            raise ValueError("invalid _bigint: %r"%x)
+            raise ValueError("invalid _bigint: %r" % x)
 
     def __dealloc__(self):
         """

src/sage/libs/eclib/newforms.pyx

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ cdef class ECModularSymbol:
             sage: M = ECModularSymbol(E, 0); M
             Modular symbol with sign 0 over Rational Field attached to Elliptic Curve defined by y^2 + y = x^3 + x^2 - 2*x over Rational Field
         """
-        return "Modular symbol with sign %s over Rational Field attached to %s"%(self.sign, self._E)
+        return "Modular symbol with sign %s over Rational Field attached to %s" % (self.sign, self._E)
 
     def __call__(self, r, sign=None, base_at_infinity=True):
         r"""