Introduction

This package facilitates handling Data Transfer Objects. It allows easy access to individual properties and conversion to JSON or arrays.

Installation

To use the this package, follow these steps:

1. Installation via Composer:

   composer require saleem/data-transfer-object

2. For config file publishing (this will publish file in config under "data-transfer-object.php") from there you can change NameSpace

   php artisan vendor:publish --tag=config-file

Creating new DTO class

1. Using Command

   php artisan make:dto PersonalInfo

2. Creating without command and extending it from BaseDto

   <?php
   
   use Saleem\DataTransferObject\BaseDto;
   
   class PersonalInfoDto extends BaseDto
   {
       public ?string $firstName = null;
       public ?string $lastName = null;
       public ?string $email = null;
   }

this will create a new DTO class in app/Common/DTO (created using command)

namespace App\Common\DTO;

use Saleem\DataTransferObject\BaseDto;

class PersonalInfoDto extends BaseDto
{
public ?string $firstName = null;
public ?string $lastName = null;
public ?string $email = null;
}

// Creating an instance of PersonalInfoDto
$personalInfo = PersonalInfoDto::build([
'firstName' => 'John',
'lastName' => 'Doe',
'email' => 'john@example.com'
]);

// Accessing properties
echo $personalInfo->firstName; // Output: John
echo $personalInfo->lastName; // Output: Doe
echo $personalInfo->email; // Output: john@example.com

// Converting to JSON
$jsonData = $personalInfo->json();
echo $jsonData; // Output: {"firstName":"John","lastName":"Doe","email":"john@example.com"}

// Getting data as an array
$dataArray = $personalInfo->data();
print_r($dataArray);
// Output:
// Array (
// [firstName] => John
// [lastName] => Doe
// [email] => john@example.com
// )

//Storing data in Table
$dataArray = $personalInfo->data();
PersnonalInfo::create($dataArray);

// Excluding specific keys
$filteredData = $personalInfo->without('email');
print_r($filteredData);
// Output:
// Array (
// [firstName] => John
// [lastName] => Doe
// )

// Including specific keys
$includedData = $personalInfo->only(['firstName', 'email']);
print_r($includedData);
// Output:
// Array (
// [firstName] => John
// [email] => john@example.com
// )

Changing Keys and assigining new keys

$data = CreateCarrierDTO::build([
    'auth0_user_id' => '21sqwaW',
    'some_id' => 1,
    'email' => 'email@gmail.com',
    'name' => 'name',
    'mc_number' => 'qweqwe',
    'dot_number' => 1,
    'some_status' => 'some_status',
]);

$keysPassedAsArray = [
    'auth0_user_id' => 'NewAuthId',
    'some_id' => 'NewSomeId',
];
$passedAsArray = $data->changeKeys($keysPassedAsArray);
// array(7) {
//     ["NewAuthId"]=>          Changed        
//     string(7) "21sqwaW"
//     ["NewSomeId"]=>         Changed
//     int(1)
//     ["email"]=>
//     string(17) "email@gmail.com"
//     ["name"]=>
//     string(4) "name"
//     ["mc_number"]=>
//     string(6) "qweqwe"
//     ["dot_number"]=>
//     int(1)
//     ["some_status"]=>
//     string(12) "some_status"
//   }
$passingSingleKey = $data->changeKeys('auth0_user_id', 'NewAuthId');
// array(7) {
//     ["NewAuthId"]=>          Changed
//     string(7) "21sqwaW"
//     ["some_id"]=>
//     int(1)
//     ["email"]=>
//     string(17) "email@gmail.com"
//     ["name"]=>
//     string(4) "name"
//     ["mc_number"]=>
//     string(6) "qweqwe"
//     ["dot_number"]=>
//     int(1)
//     ["some_status"]=>
//     string(12) "some_status"
//   }

Using different DTO's in a single container

Suppose these classes are created

class AddressDto extends BaseDto
{
    public ?string $street = null;
    public ?string $city = null;
    public ?string $state = null;
    public ?string $zipCode = null;
}

class CreditCardDto extends BaseDto
{
    public ?string $cardNumber = null;
    public ?string $expiryDate = null;
    public ?string $cardHolderName = null;
}

class EducationalInfoDto extends BaseDto
{
    public ?string $schoolName = null;
    public ?string $degree = null;
    public ?int $graduationYear = null;
}

class PersonalInfoDto extends BaseDto
{
    public ?string $firstName = null;
    public ?string $lastName = null;
    public ?string $email = null;
} 

Using Arrays of DTOs within DTOs:

When utilizing arrays of the same DTO within a larger DTO class, it's beneficial to cast them into relevant DTO classes using array casting ($arrayCasts).

Benefits:

Structured Data: Maintain a consistent structure by ensuring arrays hold instances of specific DTO classes.

Encapsulation: Simplify data access and manipulation by grouping related elements together.

Consistency: Establish a clear and standardized format for improved readability.

Enhanced Functionality: Leverage specific functionalities defined within DTO classes.

Data Validation: Enforce type safety and validation rules for better data integrity.

Casting arrays into relevant DTO classes enhances readability, maintains structure, and provides better control over data management within your DTOs.

Now using different DTO's in a single container

class StudentDto extends BaseDto
{
    public ?PersonalInfoDto $personalInfo = null;
    public array $addresses = [];
    public ?EducationalInfoDto $educationalInfo = null;
    public array $creditCards = [];

protected static array $arrayCasts = [
        'addresses' => AddressDto::class,
        'creditCards' => CreditCardDto::class
    ];
}


$studentData = [
    'personalInfo' => ['firstName' => 'John', 'lastName' => 'Doe', 'email' => 'john@example.com'],
    'addresses' => [
        ['street' => '123 Main St', 'city' => 'City1', 'state' => 'State1', 'zipCode' => '12345'],
        ['street' => '456 Second St', 'city' => 'City2', 'state' => 'State2', 'zipCode' => '67890'],
    ],
    'educationalInfo' => ['schoolName' => 'University of Example', 'degree' => 'Computer Science', 'graduationYear' => 2023],
    'creditCards' => [
        ['cardNumber' => '1234-5678-9012-3456', 'expiryDate' => '12/25', 'cardHolderName' => 'John Doe'],
        ['cardNumber' => '9876-5432-1098-7654', 'expiryDate' => '06/24', 'cardHolderName' => 'Jane Doe'],
    ],
];

$studentDto = StudentDto::build($studentData);
// Converting StudentDto to JSON
$studentJson = $studentDto->json();
echo $studentJson;

// Excluding specific keys from StudentDto
$filteredStudent = $studentDto->without(['addresses', 'creditCards']);
// Check if $filteredStudent is a BaseDto object
if ($filteredStudent instanceof BaseDto) {
    // If it's a BaseDto object, use the json() method
    $filteredStudentJson = $filteredStudent->json();
    echo $filteredStudentJson;
} else {
    // If it's an array, convert it to JSON directly
    $filteredStudentJson = json_encode($filteredStudent);
    echo $filteredStudentJson;
}


// Including specific keys from StudentDto
$includedStudent = $studentDto->only(['personalInfo', 'educationalInfo']);
// Check if $filteredStudent is a BaseDto object
if ($includedStudent instanceof BaseDto) {
    // If it's a BaseDto object, use the json() method
    $includedStudentJson = $includedStudent->json();
    echo $includedStudentJson;
} else {
    // If it's an array, convert it to JSON directly
    $includedStudentJson = json_encode($includedStudent);
    echo $includedStudentJson;
}

foreach ($studentDto->addresses as $address) {
    echo "- {$address->street}, {$address->city}, {$address->state}, {$address->zipCode}\n";
}

Using in Request (Take Previous Example of Single Container for StudentDto)

Json Payload

{
    "personalInfo": {
        "firstName": "John",
        "lastName": "Doe",
        "email": "john@example.com"
    },
    "addresses": [
        {
            "street": "123 Main St",
            "city": "City1",
            "state": "State1",
            "zipCode": "12345"
        },
        {
            "street": "456 Second St",
            "city": "City2",
            "state": "State2",
            "zipCode": "67890"
        }
    ],
    "educationalInfo": {
        "schoolName": "University of Example",
        "degree": "Computer Science",
        "graduationYear": 2023
    },
    "creditCards": [
        {
            "cardNumber": "1234-5678-9012-3456",
            "expiryDate": "12/25",
            "cardHolderName": "John Doe"
        },
        {
            "cardNumber": "9876-5432-1098-7654",
            "expiryDate": "06/24",
            "cardHolderName": "Jane Doe"
        }
    ]
}

Api.web

Route::post('/test', function(Request $request){

$studentDto = StudentDto::build($request->all());
// Converting StudentDto to JSON
$studentJson = $studentDto->json();
echo $studentJson;

// Excluding specific keys from StudentDto
$filteredStudent = $studentDto->without(['addresses', 'creditCards']);
// Check if $filteredStudent is a BaseDto object
if ($filteredStudent instanceof BaseDto) {
    // If it's a BaseDto object, use the json() method
    $filteredStudentJson = $filteredStudent->json();
    echo $filteredStudentJson;
} else {
    // If it's an array, convert it to JSON directly
    $filteredStudentJson = json_encode($filteredStudent);
    echo $filteredStudentJson;
}


// Including specific keys from StudentDto
$includedStudent = $studentDto->only(['personalInfo', 'educationalInfo']);
// Check if $filteredStudent is a BaseDto object
if ($includedStudent instanceof BaseDto) {
    // If it's a BaseDto object, use the json() method
    $includedStudentJson = $includedStudent->json();
    echo $includedStudentJson;
} else {
    // If it's an array, convert it to JSON directly
    $includedStudentJson = json_encode($includedStudent);
    echo $includedStudentJson;
}

foreach ($studentDto->addresses as $address) {
    echo "- {$address->street}, {$address->city}, {$address->state}, {$address->zipCode}\n";
}
});