Huge cleanup (PHP 8 only; prep. for long term support)

[k00ni]

Huge (with big H) cleanup of the code base to prepare it for long term support. In the following a summary of all major changes:

1. ❗ Default table engine changed from MyISAM to InnoDB
2. Fixed a lot of deprecation warnings in PHP 8.2 (mostly dynamic property usage and deprecated utf8_* usage)
3. Removed the following DB adapters: mysqli, PDO-sqlite:
   • mysqli adapter was kept for compatibility reasons, has known problems with MySQL 8.0.
   • PDO SQLite was removed because it was buggy and it didn't pass our tests.
   • also removed CachedAdapter
4. Removed methods:
   • ARC2_Class::queryDB(...), because it relied on outdated mysqli usage.
   • AbstractAdapter + PDOAdapter: getServerInfo(); changed getServerVersion() to use SQL select version() to get DB server version
5. Cleaned require- and require-dev section in composer.json. For instance, removed symfony/cache.
6. Upgraded Dockerfile to use PHP 8.2
7. Field db_con in ARC2 configuration was removed. It used to hold the mysqli connection.
8. Deployed PHP-CS-Fixer to the whole code base to improve readability.
9. Updated our Github workflows to use newer DB versions (such as MariaDB 10.5+)
10. Salvaged a fix from @craigdietrich: fixes Any reason SELECTing on a predicate wouldn't be working? #133 and fixes fetchRow() returns false, not null, resulting in false positive for hasHashColumn() #135

CC @semsol @bnowack What do you think? The library is barely used and didn't receive any updates since 2021. Because it is a dependency of my EasyRdf fork (https://github.com/sweetrdf/easyrdf), I want it to remain stable and somewhat working on newer PHP versions.

Merging this pull request will result in version 3 to be released ❗

[bnowack]

Absolutely fine with me. Thanks for still putting work into the library :-)