[python] Protect against huge enum-of-strings input [WIP]

[johnkerl]

Issue and/or context: #3353 [sc-59407]

Changes:

As proposed on #3353 [sc-59407]

Notes for Reviewer:

Not ready for review.

Needs unit-test coverage.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 85.71429% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 85.75%. Comparing base (b6af5d7) to head (ae613c1).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3354      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   85.65%   85.75%   +0.10%     
==========================================
  Files          57       57              
  Lines        6203     6207       +4     
==========================================
+ Hits         5313     5323      +10     
+ Misses        890      884       -6     

Flag	Coverage Δ
python	85.75% <85.71%> (+0.10%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
python_api	85.75% <85.71%> (+0.10%)	⬆️
libtiledbsoma	∅ <ø> (∅)

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