Monocypher C++ API

This is an idiomatic C++ API for Monocypher. Monocypher is:

an easy to use, easy to deploy, auditable crypto library written in portable C. It approaches the size of TweetNaCl and the speed of Libsodium.

This API here is:

Unofficial: It's not part of Monocypher, but for convenience includes it as a Git submodule.

C++: Requires C++17 or later.

Idiomatic: Cryptographic entities are C++ classes, mostly subclasses of std::array. Arrays can be easily concatenated or sliced. Options like key sizes and algorithms are template parameters. Operations are methods.

Namespaced: All symbols are in the C++ namespace monocypher. Nothing is defined at global scope, not even the Monocypher C API. This prevents symbol collisions in binaries that also use libSodium or OpenSSL, all of which use the same C crypto_ prefix as regular Monocypher.

Safe:

• All keys, hashes, nonces and seeds are distinct types. For example, you can't accidentally pass a Diffie-Hellman public key (monocypher::key_exchange::public_key) to a function expecting an Ed25519 public key (monocypher::public_key).
• Values are C++ std::array objects, which are value types, so you can't accidentally pass invalid pointers, pass a pointer to data of the wrong size, or return a dangling pointer to a local array.
• Private keys and other sensitive data are automaticaly zeroed out when destructed, to avoid leaving secrets in memory.
• The == and != operators use constant-time comparisons instead of regular memcmp, to avoid timing attacks.
• Concatenating data in memory (to encrypt or digest it) is easy and safe thanks to the | operator, unlike the typical series of fragile memcpy operations used in C, where it's too easy to get offsets or array sizes wrong.

Features

Functionality	Algorithm(s)
Cryptographic digests	Blake2b, SHA-512, Blake3*, SHA-256*
Password-to-key derivation	Argon2i
Diffie-Hellman key exchange	Curve25519 (raw or with HChaCha20)
Authenticated encryption	XChaCha20 or XSalsa20*, with Poly1305
Digital signatures	Ed25519 (with Blake2b or SHA-512)

* denotes optional algorithms not implemented in Monocypher itself. XSalsa20 is from tweetnacl, SHA-256 is from Brad Conte’s crypto-algorithms (both public-domain), and Blake3 is from the reference C implementation (Apache2 or CC).

Using it

You should be OK on recent versions of Linux, Windows, and Apple platforms, using up-to-date versions of Clang, GCC or MSVC, and CMake 3.16 or later. That's what the CI tests cover.

1. If you haven't already, get the Monocypher submodule by running git submodule update --init.
2. Run the script build_and_test.sh. This uses CMake to build the library and some unit tests, and runs the tests.

If your project uses CMake to build, all you hve to do is update your CMakeLists.txt, adding the line add_subdirectory(monocypher-cpp) and adding MonocypherCpp to your target's target_link_libraries.

If you don't use CMake:

1. Add the include directory to your compiler's include path.
2. Add src/Monocypher.cc to your project's source file list.
3. #include "Monocypher.hh" in source files where you want to use Monocypher.
4. If you need to use Ed25519 signatures or SHA-512 digests, also compile src/Monocypher-ed25519.cc and #include "Monocypher-ed25519.hh". Ditto for SHA-256, XSalsa20, which have their own headers and source files.
5. Blake3 is somewhat harder to build because you also need to build the code in vendor/BLAKE3/c, which has some specializations for different CPU types.

After building, read the Monocypher documentation to learn how to use the API! The correspondence between the functions documented there, and the classes/methods here, should be clear. You can also consult tests/MonocypherCppTests.cc as a source of examples.

⚠️ You do not need to compile or include the Monocypher C files in vendor/monocypher/. The C++ source files compile and include them for you indirectly, wrapping their symbols in a C++ namespace.

Change Log

28 May 2024 -- Added Blake3

24 Oct 2023 -- Monocypher 4.0.2

10 April 2023 -- Monocypher 4.0.1

Upgraded the Monocypher library from 3.1.3 to 4.0.1. There were a lot of API changes in the C API, but most of them don't affect the C++ API. I've even added (trivial) wrappers for some functionality that was removed.

The change you will notice is to the signature API. Monocypher used to keep the Ed25519 secret and public keys separate. But in 4.0 Loup decided to include the public key in the secret key, as libSodium does. This is because signing and verification use both keys, and there was a danger that application code might accidentally pass a mismatched pair, producing garbage results. The C API now only takes the secret key, which is actually both keys in one.

I already had a key_pair struct that combined the two keys, so that stays the same. The breaking change is that signing_key is now renamed key_pair::seed, and you can't use it directly to sign and verify anymore; only the key_pair does that. Wherever you were signing and verifying with the signing_key, alone, you'll now need to construct a key_pair from it and then call the key_pair. Also consider changing your code to use key_pair instead of seed; it's only 32 bytes larger and you'll save time on every signature or verification.

PS: When reading the Monocypher C API docs, keep in mind that what they call the "secret key" corresponds to the key_pair struct in the C++ API.

To-Do

• iostream adapters for incremental operations.
• A clean way to get a byte_array pointing to crypto data at some address. Currently you can just do e.g. ((public_key*)keyPtr)->check(...).

Caveats

• Monocypher doesn't supply its own random-number generator API. I've provided byte_array::randomize(), which tries to call arc4_randombuf where available. The fallback is std::random_device, which usually wraps the platform's RNG. But if your platform has no secure RNG (probably only true on embedded systems...) then random_device will happily provide low-entry pseudorandom output, which could lead to security problems. In that case you'll need to find your own source of randomness and modify the randomize() method to call it instead.
• The tests in this repository are far from exhaustive. Since Monocypher itself does the hard work, and is well-tested, my tests mostly just ensure that the C++ wrappers themselves are usable and seem to provide sane output.