Core: Unify cache location configurability

[kubijo]

Closes #22044

What I did

Use find-cache-dir in places where the cache location was still constructed somewhat manually.

How to test

Providing a custom cache directory location in a CACHE_DIR environment variable should result in it being used by storybook instead of node_modules/.cache/*

Checklist

• Make sure your changes are tested (stories and/or unit, integration, or end-to-end tests)
• Make sure to add/update documentation regarding your changes
• If you are deprecating/removing a feature, make sure to update
  MIGRATION.MD

Maintainers

• If this PR should be tested against many or all sandboxes,
  make sure to add the ci:merged or ci:daily GH label to it.
• Make sure this PR contains one of the labels below.

["cleanup", "BREAKING CHANGE", "feature request", "bug", "documentation", "maintenance", "dependencies", "other"]

[kubijo]

Continuation from #22047 since I've screwed-up the branch name before