New Update 2020-11

Since new version of protoc and gRPC Go plugin are creating seperate Go source files, one for data structures, another for gRPC stubs. So new version of Arion supports multiple source files.

Notice

The gRPC executable client binary was previously called or still mentioned as postgal in below document. as postgal in the document below. Similarly, the executable mock server was previously called or still mentioned as mock in below documant.

Arion is a powerful gRPC toolkit. Based on the gRPC definition files <service>.pb.go and/or <service>_grpc.pb.go, Arion can generate:

1. Sophisticated clients
2. Mock servers

If your project is NOT using Golang. You can still use Arion by:

1. Using protoc (and Golang plugin) to generate *.pb.go for your proto;
2. Using Arion to create clients or mock servers based on those *.pb.go.

Main features of clients:

• Get information of gRPC services / endpoints / data types
• Debug gRPC endpoints as curl or Postman(TM) does for HTTP
• Do stress test on gRPC endpoints
• Support:
  • Unary
  • Client side streaming
  • Server side streaming
  • Bi-directional streaming

NOTE As of Nov.28, 2018, clients support client-side/server-side streaming (call & stress); For bi-directional streaming, only calling is supported; Stress test for bi-directional streaming will be supported soon.

Main features of mock servers:

• Set your mock response data via HTTP API
• Only support Unary calls

Get Arion

$ go get github.com/straightdave/arion@1.1.3

New Arion needs Go mod support.

Basic usage of Arion

$ arion -h
Usage of ./arion:
  -debug
    	debug mode
  -mock
    	whether to generate mock server
  -o string
    	output executable binary file
  -src strings
    	source pb.go files seperated with comma
  -verbose
    	print verbose information when building postgals

Generate mock servers

$ arion -src <your.pb.go> -mock

Sample output:

2020/03/16 21:23:13 Generating new pb file: temp-helloworld-mock-995970919/pb.go
2020/03/16 21:23:13 Generating Mock Server ...
2020/03/16 21:23:13 Read server interface: GreeterServer
2020/03/16 21:23:13 [debug] tpl data: &{PBRegisterServerFunc:RegisterGreeterServer PBServerInterface:GreeterServer Methods:[{Name:SayHello RequestType:HelloRequest ResponseType:HelloReply}]}
2020/03/16 21:23:13 creating new source file: temp-helloworld-mock-995970919/http_server.go
2020/03/16 21:23:13 change dir to /Users/wei.wu/go/src/github.com/straightdave/arion/temp-helloworld-mock-995970919
2020/03/16 21:23:13 Analyzing dependencies ...
2020/03/16 21:23:13 Install dependencies ...
complete
2020/03/16 21:23:13 Build ...
complete
2020/03/16 21:23:14 change dir back to /Users/wei.wu/go/src/github.com/straightdave/arion
2020/03/16 21:23:14 SUCCESS

If succeeds, you get a temporary folder named as temp-<My Service Name>-mock-<Timestamp>, inside which you got an executable binary mock and the source code.

Generate clients

$ arion -src service.pb.go,service_grpc.pb.go -o my_service_client

If succeeds, you get a temporary folder named as my_service_client_007371829, inside you get source files as well as an executable binary.

Tips

• Without -o <custom-name>, the output directory will be named as arion_XXXXXXXXX.
• With source files generated, you can build the binary by yourself. For example you can do a cross-build.

Usage of mock servers

Mock servers are much simpler than clients, so let's talk about them first.

Usage of ./mock-binary:
  -grpcport string
    	gRPC server port (default ":50051")
  -httpport string
    	HTTP server port (default ":50052")

Set a mock response

Call mock HTTP API to set a mock response for an endpopint:

curl -XPUT localhost:50052/resp -d '{"endpointName": "SayHello", "data": { "message": "always this value" } }'

Request Data:

{
    "endpointName": "",
    "data": <Raw JSON>
}

<Raw JSON> must compile to the real request data struct of that endpoint.

Call gRPC endpoint

In this example, we using clients as gRPC client:

./arion_XXXXXXXX -e SayHello -d '{"message": "value will be ignored"}' -h :50051

Usage of clients

Usage of ./arion_XXXXXXXX:
  -B string
    	protobuf binary data file
  -C uint
    	[Unary stress test] number of concurrent connections per each host (default 1)
  -G string
    	the bin file name to generate
  -N uint
    	how many concurrent streaming connections when doing stress test mode (-x) (default 1)
  -at string
    	address to host Postgal in browser mode (default ":9999")
  -d string
    	request data string
  -debug
    	print some debug info (for dev purpose)
  -df string
    	request data file. Data in the file will be sent line by line
  -dumpto string
    	dump massive call responses to file
  -duration duration
    	test duration in stress test mode: 10s, 20m (default 10s)
  -e string
    	endpoint name (<svc_name>#<end_name> or just <end_name>) to execute
  -h string
    	hosts of target service (commas to seperate multiple hosts) (default ":8087")
  -i	print basic service info
  -json
    	print response in JSON format
  -loop
    	repeatly sending all requests in data file (-df)
  -m string
    	unary | client | server | bidirect (default "unary")
  -maxrecv int
    	set max size of received message
  -maxsend int
    	set max size of sending message
  -meta string
    	gRPC metadata (format: 'key1=value1 key2=value2')
  -n uint
    	how many times to send streaming msg to server in one connection (default 10)
  -rate uint
    	expected QPS (query per second) in stress test mode (default 1)
  -serve
    	browser mode
  -t string
    	data type name
  -v	print version info
  -worker uint
    	workers (max volume of goroutine pool) (default 10)
  -x	stress test mode

TL;DR, let's see some examples below.

Console Mode

Use postgal as a command line tool.

Read endpoint list

The postgal can list simple endpoints of gRPC services defined in your pb.go file with -i flag. It would show the service names (yes! plural) and their endpoints like this:

$ ./postgal -i
Myapp
> Hello

A simple -i command like this is usually used to check the generated postgal is working.

Read endpoint info

Still with -i which indicates it's the getting-information mode, then a -e with the endpoint name given. Of note if there's several services defined in the pb.go you should give full name of the endpoint <service>#<endpoint>. This would show the request and response details:

$ ./postgal -i -e Hello
Myapp#Hello
- Request entity:
--- Name string (json field name: Name)
- Response entity:
--- Message string (json field name: Message)

This command gives a clue about request data. Later you have to compose a request data in the format of JSON. The fields and data types are from here.

Read data entity details

Sometimes you have to know details about a custom data type (e.g struct). You can use -t with a data type name:

$ ./postgal -i -t HelloRequest
- Name string (json field name: Name)

Generate binary data file from JSON

A good helper command to generate request data file for later use, especially in streaming modes or stress test. It converts the JSON data (indicated by -d) to the binary file (indicated by -G). This would not fire the request.

$ ./postgal -e RouteGuide#RecordRoute -d '{"latitude":123,"longitude":123}' -G ddd.dat
[8 123 16 123]

An example of using binary data file:

$ ./postgal -e RouteGuide#RecordRoute -B ddd.dat -h 0.0.0.0:10000 -m client -n 10
point_count:10

Call endpoints

First, a simplest unary call:

$ ./postgal -e Hello -d '{"Name": "Dave"}'
Message: Hello Dave

It calls a gRPC endpoint named 'hello' hosted at local machine.

• -e <endpoint name> indicates the endpoint name to invoke, case sensitive.
• -d <data in JSON format> provides request data from plain text in JSON format.
• -B <bin data file>, if given, it will read request data from binary file instead.
• If both -d and -B are given, -d will take effect.
• If -h option (the host) is not given, postgal assumes the service is running at '0.0.0.0:8087' by default.
• You can compose the JSON request data based on the knowledge you get by using -i -t or -i -e
• If the type of request object is protobuf.Empty, the data given by -d option would be ignored

prettier response

Using -json to format response data in JSON:

$ ./postgal -e Hello -d '{"Name": "Dave"}' -json
{
    "Message": "Hello Dave"
}

gRPC metadata or headers

You can use -meta to add metadata to the gRPC call:

$ ./postgal -e Hello -d '{"Name":"dave"}' -meta 'k1=v1 k2=v2 k1=v3'

The value of -meta is a plain string of k-v pairs seperated by spaces. Keys can duplicate and later one wins. For more details please refer to https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/blob/master/Documentation/grpc-metadata.md

[experimental] Call in streaming modes

Invoking via streaming is supported. You can use -m to indicate a stream mode when calling endpoints:

$ ./postgal -e RouteGuide#RecordRoute -d '{"latitude":123, "longitude":123}' -m client -n 10
point_count:10

-m client indicates it's a client-side streaming call; -n (only works in this mode) means how many times to send the request data into the stream (to server). Then if the server has a response for this streamed requests, postgal would print that.

The possible value for -m could be one of followings (NOT case-sensitive):

• unary : unary call (non-streaming; wichi is the DEFAULT mode)
• client : client-side streaming
• server : server-side streaming
• bidirect : bidirectional streaming

For server-side streaming, you can use -m server. Example:

$ ./postgal -e RouteGuide#ListFeatures -d '{"lo":{"latitude":1,"longitude":-900000000},"hi":{"latitude":923123123,"longitude":923123123}}' -h 0.0.0.0:10000 -m server
name:"Patriots Path, Mendham, NJ 07945, USA" location:<latitude:407838351 longitude:-746143763 >
name:"101 New Jersey 10, Whippany, NJ 07981, USA" location:<latitude:408122808 longitude:-743999179 >
name:"U.S. 6, Shohola, PA 18458, USA" location:<latitude:413628156 longitude:-749015468 >
name:"5 Conners Road, Kingston, NY 12401, USA" location:<latitude:419999544 longitude:-740371136 >
... < omit > ...
name:"3387 Richmond Terrace, Staten Island, NY 10303, USA" location:<latitude:406411633 longitude:-741722051 >
name:"261 Van Sickle Road, Goshen, NY 10924, USA" location:<latitude:413069058 longitude:-744597778 >
location:<latitude:418465462 longitude:-746859398 >
location:<latitude:411733222 longitude:-744228360 >
name:"3 Hasta Way, Newton, NJ 07860, USA" location:<latitude:410248224 longitude:-747127767 >

In this sample, you send a piece of data and server returns a lot to you (in a stream 'til the end).

And a bidirectional example:

$ ./postgal -e RouteGuide#RouteChat -d '{"location":{"latitude":1,"longitude":-900000000},"message":"hello"}' -h 0.0.0.0:10000 -m bidirect
finished sending
0 location:<latitude:1 longitude:-900000000 > message:"hello"
1 location:<latitude:1 longitude:-900000000 > message:"hello"
2 location:<latitude:1 longitude:-900000000 > message:"hello"
3 location:<latitude:1 longitude:-900000000 > message:"hello"
4 location:<latitude:1 longitude:-900000000 > message:"hello"
5 location:<latitude:1 longitude:-900000000 > message:"hello"
6 location:<latitude:1 longitude:-900000000 > message:"hello"
... < omit > ...

63 location:<latitude:1 longitude:-900000000 > message:"hello"
64 location:<latitude:1 longitude:-900000000 > message:"hello"
read done.

Currently Postal only sends one message in bidirectional streaming. Will improve more complexe logic in the future.

In these examples about Streaming modes, I use google.golang.org/grpc/examples/route_guide as the streaming server.

Stress test

Using -x, -rate and -duration flags.

• -x indicates it's running stress test;
• -rate with an integer indicates the expected QPS you want to reach;
• -duration indicates the duration of the stress test. The string value should be able to convert into time.Duration.
• -h indicates the hosts of target service. It could be multiple, seperated by comma: -h 127.0.0.1:8087,127.0.0.2:8087.

NOTE If not mentioned, in this section we only talk about stress test in Unary mode.

1. Stress test against one endpoint

$ ./postgal -e Hello -d '{"Name": "Dave"}' -x -rate 100 -duration 60s
Massive Call...
... (report)

NOTE

• Again, if omit -h option, the default target host is 0.0.0.0:8087
• If only -x is specified, it implies -rate 1 -duration 10s by default
• -meta is still available in stress test; However we only use one set of metadata for all requests. If needed, I'll add the functionality to call with multiple/random metadata sets.

Experimental -C option to specify the concurrent connections to one host:

$ ./postgal -e Hello -d '{"Name":"dave"}' -x -C 5 -h 127.0.0.1:8087,127.0.0.2:8087

This will create 10 concurrent connections (5 per each host) and use these 10 connections in a client-side-round-robin way.

2. With a data file (only works in -x mode)

You can use -df to specify a data file which consists of multiple request data to conduct the massive call. One line of plain text JSON data in each line in this file.

$ ./postgal -e Hello -df ./myreqs.txt -x -rate 10 -duration 30s -loop

If you don't use the option -loop when using a data file, the massive call will stop after all request data in the file are sent once.

3. With a worker number (only works in -x mode)

Using -worker to specify a number of worker pool size (maximum concurrent goroutines; default is 10) in performance testing:

$ ./postgal -e Hello -d '{"Name":"dave"}' -x -rate 10 -duration 30s -worker 16

In theory, changing this value larger than the number of your CPU core would have no effect to the result. But you can try.

4.With multiple hosts

Also, you can specify a list of IP addresses to execute preformance test against a cluster. In this case, postgal would send requests to those hosts in a simple Client-Side Round-robin way.

$ ./postgal -h 192.168.0.1:8087,192.168.0.2:8087 -e Hello -d '{"Name":"dave"}' -x

5. Dump responses (only works in -x mode / unary)

$ ./postgal -e Hello -d '{"Name":"daveeeeee"}' -x -dumpto responses.dump

So postgal would serialize all successful responses into JSON format and write them to the file, line by line.

[experimental] 6. Auto-generated value (-x mode and unary only)

Currently postgal supports to generate unique data per request:

$ ./postgal -e Hello -d '{"Name":"Ultraman-<<arion:unique:string>>"}' -x -rate 5 -duration 10s

It will generate requests like:

{"Name":"Ultraman-0"}
{"Name":"Ultraman-1"}
...
{"Name":"Ultraman-49"}
...

[experimental] 7. Stress test for non-unary endpoints (streaming modes)

Similar to the 'call' section, we need to provide -m option to indicate in which kind of mode to call the endpoints. Currently we only support some simple logic to do the stress test against streaming endpoints, mainly focus on concurrent connections (-N) as workload. No metrics (e.g. latencies) will be measured for now.

For example, a client-side streaming one, you can use -N to set concurrent connections and use -duration to indicate how long will the test lasts:

$ ./postgal -e RouteGuide#RecordRoute -d '{"latitude":123, "longitude":123}' -x -duration 10s -m client -N 5 -h 0.0.0.0:10000
Massive Call on RouteGuide#RecordRoute ...
[# 3] response: point_count:302204 elapsed_time:10
[# 4] response: point_count:301157 elapsed_time:10
[# 2] response: point_count:304024 elapsed_time:10
[# 0] response: point_count:298563 elapsed_time:10
[# 1] response: point_count:303236 elapsed_time:10

-N is the concurrent connection number. -duration (same used as in unary stress test) can be used here to indicate the stress test duration (by default 10s). During the time, client will keep sending the data to the server.

For server-side streaming, we also use -N and -duration, similar to client-side example above (except the tons of response messages to output).

Stress test for Bi-directional streaming has not yet been supported so far.

NOTE

• Currently no metrics are supported.

---

Browser Mode

Browser mode is the graphic way to use postgal. Like using Postman(TM).

$ ./postgal -serve

Then the webpage is hosted at http://localhost:9999.

In the postgal browser mode, you can easily:

1. Read details about the service, request and response definition.
2. Call endpoints.

Development

build

If snippets (templates) or web pages are updated, you have to run:

$ go run ./_build/build.go

or

$ ./build.sh

to update main2.go.

start dev server

$ ./dev.sh

The developing web server will serve all static files in web/ folder. This is helpful for developing web pages before compiling them into binary.

License

MIT © Dave Wu