Squashed 'tz/' changes from ddb8cf09d..2bb5bb955

cc48c2dfa Release 2023d
1e5cf91ac * zonenow.tab: Explain comments column.
8d8bc7748 * zonenow.tab: Fix Troll DST offset in comment.
1c7b90df7 * NEWS: Mention a few more post-2023c changes.
0be2233a3 Port localtime.c timeoff to OpenBSD 7.4
6a342bed2 Sync Casey data from timeanddate.com
ce293ccb5 Pacify FreeBSD 14 c99
90987c22c Port ‘make check_now’ to macOS
74325e3f5 * checknow.awk: Fix typo in empty-input diagnostic.
310ca7f5f Update tzselect comment for Solaris 10 EOL
ba7287ef7 Fix ‘make check_character_set’ false positive
2478443cd Distribute new file checknow.awk too
b87bca8e0 * zonenow.tab: Fix comment typo.
1d0ae801a Vostok was at +07 and just switched to +05
c33331835 New tzselect menu option ‘now’
d001fb91a * tzselect.ksh: Indent more consistently.
58bd6f79b * tzselect.ksh: Consistently omit ‘;;’ before ‘esac’.
33912c466 * tzselect: Indent more consistently.
60c503293 tzselect: do not create temporary files
4d1f91c97 * NEWS: Improve formatting of tzselect news.
917025742 tzselect: port to POSIX iconv
b42f2abf1 tzselect: clarify translit need
b5376e126 * tzselect: Improve leading comments.
f3291069f tzselect: work around mawk bug with {2,}
1147c766c Port to POSIX awk, which prohibits -v newlines
63ca6a5a0 Do not use empty RE in tzselect
b1d0bcf6f Don’t set TZ in tzselect
963d77784 Improve tzselect diagnostics after rejection
91ccefcd6 * Makefile: Say that ‘make’ should conform to POSIX.
000781baf Open /dev/null less often in tzselect
f29e63367 Improve Canadian comments in zone*.tab
fb5422bfc More-systematic punctuation in *.tab comments
8bca213b0 * localtime.c: Add size commentary.
ec6a46df7 * NEWS: Say "#expires" are comments as of 2021b.
ed5d5de2b Fix zic bug with -r @x where X is deduced from TZ
92a7a4c5f Fix problems with spaces in TZDIR
cf016dc86 Treat TZDEFAULT more like TZDIR
acf664391 Simplify and fix new TZDIR setup
52a2966f3 Fix bug with ‘make typecheck; make clean’
43fcd82d6 Simplify tzparse
add928960 Fix bug introduced by fix for unusual TZif
c114be2ff * Makefile: more-precise comment about integers.
a8761eebe Document limits and hazards of C89 support
b17f08721 Improve README
c3ebd8e98 make Makefile more compatible with POSIX
cbfda2f6c Put copyright notice first in Makefile
2efb6fce8 Capitalize “POSIX”
609615058 * tz-link.html: Minor tweaks to citations.
9336ef1ed Give a date for assuming C99
c0db5a2ee tm_isdst change for Greenland is now past
d1c462fae Minor Kyiv/Kiev commentary cleanups
d1ce7788d Update AASM citation to 2023
dd83b3a2b Fix new comment typo (thanks to Doug Ewell)
0f79a0720 Ittoqqortoormiit (America/Scoresbysund) zone change
4a577028c Be more systematic about man page indenting
5b351b0ff Document GMT0 and posixrules better
169db122f Fix Palestine predictions for 2072 through 2075
4de3033da Omit Scattered Islands from zone1970.tab comment
09cd498b5 Fix zic.c indenting
35c116b75 Fix zic bug with Palestine after 2075
6e845b720 Fix localtime bug with unusual TZif data
c7ff078b7 Fix zdump diagnostic for missing timezone
9602b437b Palestine commentary update
f390e94af update tz-link for AMA and SRS
b25652dd4 Fiji still lacks DST
45b28e68a * zic.c: Fix comment to match code.
a02a1f928 Fix bug on Linux 2.6.16 and 2.6.17
861b58589 Omit not-that-helpful comment re Cairo in 2014
eedc1f885 Update title and description of Tom Scott video
77b0292ec Document iso3166.tab naming
c3e966c59 No leap second on 2023-12-31
ed49cb3d9 Use better URL for new Paraguay law
a02b89764 Document Paraguay’s recently-passed Law No. 7115
67b7bbbbc Improve touches when making tarballs
c1d9ab6ec Port better to POSIX 'touch'
0bb92ae8f Prefer -std=gnu11 to -DPORT_TO_C89
e12dc623c Ask for POSIX-conforming ‘make’
de8bf4c72 Update tzselect comment
5a220576f Add comments re offtime, timeoff, timelocal
b019d3a8b Greenland changed standard time already

git-subtree-dir: tz
git-subtree-split: 2bb5bb9555b0f90e924bb6a1605482a7f270fd88

.gitignore

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ ChangeLog
 check_*
 date
 leapseconds
+tzdir.h
 tzselect
 version
 version.h

NEWS

@@ -1,5 +1,109 @@
 News for the tz database
 
+Release 2023d - 2023-12-21 20:02:24 -0800
+
+  Briefly:
+    Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland changes time zones on 2024-03-31.
+    Vostok, Antarctica changed time zones on 2023-12-18.
+    Casey, Antarctica changed time zones five times since 2020.
+    Code and data fixes for Palestine timestamps starting in 2072.
+    A new data file zonenow.tab for timestamps starting now.
+
+  Changes to future timestamps
+
+    Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland (America/Scoresbysund) joins most of
+    the rest of Greenland's timekeeping practice on 2024-03-31, by
+    changing its time zone from -01/+00 to -02/-01 at the same moment
+    as the spring-forward transition.  Its clocks will therefore not
+    spring forward as previously scheduled.  The time zone change
+    reverts to its common practice before 1981.
+
+    Fix predictions for DST transitions in Palestine in 2072-2075,
+    correcting a typo introduced in 2023a.
+
+  Changes to past and future timestamps
+
+    Vostok, Antarctica changed to +05 on 2023-12-18.  It had been at
+    +07 (not +06) for years.  (Thanks to Zakhary V. Akulov.)
+
+    Change data for Casey, Antarctica to agree with timeanddate.com,
+    by adding five time zone changes since 2020.  Casey is now at +08
+    instead of +11.
+
+  Changes to past tm_isdst flags
+
+    Much of Greenland, represented by America/Nuuk, changed its
+    standard time from -03 to -02 on 2023-03-25, not on 2023-10-28.
+    This does not affect UTC offsets, only the tm_isdst flag.
+    (Thanks to Thomas M. Steenholdt.)
+
+  New data file
+
+    A new data file zonenow.tab helps configure applications that use
+    timestamps dated from now on.  This simplifies configuration,
+    since users choose from a smaller Zone set.  The file's format is
+    experimental and subject to change.
+
+  Changes to code
+
+    localtime.c no longer mishandles TZif files that contain a single
+    transition into a DST regime.  Previously, it incorrectly assumed
+    DST was in effect before the transition too.  (Thanks to Alois
+    Treindl for debugging help.)
+
+    localtime.c's timeoff no longer collides with OpenBSD 7.4.
+
+    The C code now uses _Generic only if __STDC_VERSION__ says the
+    compiler is C11 or later.
+
+    tzselect now optionally reads zonenow.tab, to simplify when
+    configuring only for timestamps dated from now on.
+
+    tzselect no longer creates temporary files.
+
+    tzselect no longer mishandles the following:
+
+      Spaces and most other special characters in BUGEMAIL, PACKAGE,
+      TZDIR, and VERSION.
+
+      TZ strings when using mawk 1.4.3, which mishandles regular
+      expressions of the form /X{2,}/.
+
+      ISO 6709 coordinates when using an awk that lacks the GNU
+      extension of newlines in -v option-arguments.
+
+      Non UTF-8 locales when using an iconv command that lacks the GNU
+      //TRANSLIT extension.
+
+    zic no longer mishandles data for Palestine after the year 2075.
+    Previously, it incorrectly omitted post-2075 transitions that are
+    predicted for just before and just after Ramadan.  (Thanks to Ken
+    Murchison for debugging help.)
+
+    zic now works again on Linux 2.6.16 and 2.6.17 (2006).
+    (Problem reported by Rune Torgersen.)
+
+  Changes to build procedure
+
+    The Makefile is now more compatible with POSIX:
+     * It no longer defines AR, CC, CFLAGS, LDFLAGS, and SHELL.
+     * It no longer uses its own 'cc' in place of CC.
+     * It now uses ARFLAGS, with default specified by POSIX.
+     * It does not use LFLAGS incompatibly with POSIX.
+     * It uses the special .POSIX target.
+     * It quotes special characters more carefully.
+     * It no longer mishandles builds in an ISO 8859 locale.
+    Due to the CC changes, TZDIR is now #defined in a file tzfile.h
+    built by 'make', not in a $(CC) -D option.  Also, TZDEFAULT is
+    now treated like TZDIR as they have similar roles.
+
+  Changes to commentary
+
+     Limitations and hazards of the optional support for obsolescent
+     C89 platforms are documented better, along with a tentative
+     schedule for removing this support.
+
+
 Release 2023c - 2023-03-28 12:42:14 -0700
 
   Changes to past and future timestamps
@@ -76,11 +180,14 @@ Release 2023a - 2023-03-22 12:39:33 -0700
     platform dependent and abbreviations were silently truncated to
     16 bytes even when the limit was greater than 16.
 
-    The code by default is now designed for C99 or later.  To build in
-    a C89 environment, compile with -DPORT_TO_C89.  To support C89
-    callers of the tzcode library, compile with -DSUPPORT_C89.  The
-    two new macros are transitional aids planned to be removed in a
-    future version, when C99 or later will be required.
+    The code by default is now designed for C99 or later.  To build on
+    a mostly-C89 platform, compile with -DPORT_TO_C89; this should
+    work on C89 platforms that also support C99 'long long' and
+    perhaps a few other extensions to C89.  To support C89 callers of
+    tzcode's library, compile with -DSUPPORT_C89; however, this could
+    trigger latent bugs in C99-or-later callers.  The two new macros
+    are transitional aids planned to be removed in a future version
+    (say, in 2029), when C99 or later will be required.
 
     The code now builds again on pre-C99 platforms, if you compile
     with -DPORT_TO_C89.  This fixes a bug introduced in 2022f.
@@ -723,6 +830,8 @@ Release 2021b - 2021-09-24 16:23:00 -0700
     them, set the EXPIRES_LINE Makefile variable.  If a TZif file uses
     this new feature it is marked with a new TZif version number 4,
     a format intended to be documented in a successor to RFC 8536.
+    The old-format "#expires" comments are now treated solely as
+    comments and have no effect on the TZif files.
 
     zic -L LEAPFILE -r @LO no longer generates an invalid TZif file
     that omits leap second information for the range LO..B when LO
@@ -4302,7 +4411,7 @@ Release 2012j - 2012-11-12 18:34:49 -0800
   now uses tz@iana.org rather than the old elsie address.
 
   zic -v now complains about abbreviations that are less than 3
-  or more than 6 characters, as per Posix.  Formerly, it checked
+  or more than 6 characters, as per POSIX.  Formerly, it checked
   for abbreviations that were more than 3.
 
   'make public' no longer puts its temporary directory under /tmp,
@@ -4467,8 +4576,8 @@ Release data2011m - 2011-10-24 21:42:16 +0700
   In particular, the typos in comments in the data (2011-11-17 should have
   been 2011-10-17 as Alan Barrett noted, and spelling of Tiraspol that
   Tim Parenti noted) have been fixed, and the change for Ukraine has been
-  made in all 4 Ukrainian zones, rather than just Kiev (again, thanks to
-  Tim Parenti, and also Denys Gavrysh)
+  made in all 4 Ukrainian zones, rather than just Europe/Kiev
+  (again, thanks to Tim Parenti, and also Denys Gavrysh).
 
   In addition, I added Europe/Tiraspol to zone.tab.
 

README

@@ -11,14 +11,17 @@ changes made by political bodies to time zone boundaries, UTC offsets,
 and daylight-saving rules.
 
 See <https://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/tz-link.html> or the
-file tz-link.html for how to acquire the code and data.  Once acquired,
-read the comments in the file 'Makefile' and make any changes needed
-to make things right for your system, especially if you are using some
-platform other than GNU/Linux.  Then run the following commands,
-substituting your desired installation directory for "$HOME/tzdir":
-
-	make TOPDIR=$HOME/tzdir install
-	$HOME/tzdir/usr/bin/zdump -v America/Los_Angeles
+file tz-link.html for how to acquire the code and data.
+
+Once acquired, read the leading comments in the file "Makefile"
+and make any changes needed to make things right for your system,
+especially when using a platform other than current GNU/Linux.
+
+Then run the following commands, substituting your desired
+installation directory for "$HOME/tzdir":
+
+	make TOPDIR="$HOME/tzdir" install
+	"$HOME/tzdir/usr/bin/zdump" -v America/Los_Angeles
 
 See the file tz-how-to.html for examples of how to read the data files.
 

africa

@@ -285,13 +285,6 @@ Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	24:00	0	-
 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
-# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
-# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
-# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is
-# no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:
-# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
-
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last

antarctica

@@ -80,6 +80,11 @@
 # - 2018 Oct  7 4:00 - 2019 Mar 17 3:00 - 2019 Oct  4 3:00 - 2020 Mar  8 3:00
 # and now - 2020 Oct  4 0:01
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2023-12-20):
+# Transitions from 2021 on are taken from:
+# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/antarctica/casey
+# retrieved at various dates.
+
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Casey	 0	-	-00	1969
 			 8:00	-	+08	2009 Oct 18  2:00
@@ -93,7 +98,12 @@ Zone Antarctica/Casey	 0	-	-00	1969
 			 8:00	-	+08	2019 Oct  4  3:00
 			11:00	-	+11	2020 Mar  8  3:00
 			 8:00	-	+08	2020 Oct  4  0:01
-			11:00	-	+11
+			11:00	-	+11	2021 Mar 14  0:00
+			 8:00	-	+08	2021 Oct  3  0:01
+			11:00	-	+11	2022 Mar 13  0:00
+			 8:00	-	+08	2022 Oct  2  0:01
+			11:00	-	+11	2023 Mar  9  3:00
+			 8:00	-	+08
 Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 13
 			7:00	-	+07	1964 Nov
 			0	-	-00	1969 Feb
@@ -240,7 +250,50 @@ Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	-00	2005 Feb 12
 #	year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
 
 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
-# See Asia/Urumqi.
+# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
+# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
+# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
+# time as Moscow, Russia.
+#
+# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
+# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
+# what they had to say about time there:
+# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
+# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
+# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
+# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
+# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
+# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
+# in person.  He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
+# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
+# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
+# solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
+# happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
+# it is at Vostok.
+#
+# From Zakhary V. Akulov (2023-12-17 22:00:48 +0700):
+# ... from December, 18, 2023 00:00 by my decision the local time of
+# the Antarctic research base Vostok will correspond to UTC+5.
+# (2023-12-19): We constantly interact with Progress base, with company who
+# builds new wintering station, with sledge convoys, with aviation - they all
+# use UTC+5. Besides, difference between Moscow time is just 2 hours now, not 4.
+# (2023-12-19, in response to the question "Has local time at Vostok
+# been UTC+6 ever since 1957, or has it changed before?"): No. At least
+# since my antarctic career start, 10 years ago, Vostok base has UTC+7.
+# (In response to a 2023-12-18 question "from 02:00 to 00:00 today"): This.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2023-12-18):
+# For lack of better info, guess Vostok was at +07 from founding through today,
+# except when closed.
+
+# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	-00	1957 Dec 16
+			7:00	-	+07	1994 Feb
+			0	-	-00	1994 Nov
+			7:00	-	+07	2023 Dec 18  2:00
+			5:00	-	+05
 
 # S Africa - year-round bases
 # Marion Island, -4653+03752

asia

@@ -655,7 +655,6 @@ Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:43	-	LMT	1901
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
 # / Wulumuqi.  (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
-# Vostok base in Antarctica matches this since 1970.
 Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
 			6:00	-	+06
 
@@ -3427,6 +3426,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # From Heba Hamad (2023-03-22):
 # ... summer time will begin in Palestine from Saturday 04-29-2023,
 # 02:00 AM by 60 minutes forward.
+# From Heba Hemad (2023-10-09):
+# ... winter time will begin in Palestine from Saturday 10-28-2023,
+# 02:00 AM by 60 minutes back.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2023-03-22):
 # For now, guess that spring and fall transitions will normally
@@ -3548,13 +3550,13 @@ Rule Palestine	2070	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2071	only	-	Sep	19	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2072	only	-	Sep	10	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2072	only	-	Oct	15	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule Palestine	2072	max	-	Oct	Sat<=30	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2073	only	-	Sep	 2	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2073	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2074	only	-	Aug	18	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2074	only	-	Sep	29	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2075	only	-	Aug	10	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2075	only	-	Sep	14	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule Palestine	2075	max	-	Oct	Sat<=30	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2076	only	-	Jul	25	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2076	only	-	Sep	 5	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2077	only	-	Jul	17	2:00	0	-

australasia

@@ -391,8 +391,14 @@ Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	-00	1899 Nov
 # Please note that there will not be any daylight savings time change
 # in Fiji for 2022-2023....
 # https://www.facebook.com/FijianGovernment/posts/pfbid0mmWVTYmTibn66ybpFda75pDcf34SSpoSaskJW5gXwaKo5Sgc7273Q4fXWc6kQV6Hl
+
+# From Almaz Mingaleev (2023-10-06):
+# Cabinet approved the suspension of Daylight Saving and appropriate
+# legislative changes will be considered including the repeal of the
+# Daylight Saving Act 1998
+# https://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Centre/Speeches/English/CABINET-DECISIONS-3-OCTOBER-2023
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-27):
+# From Paul Eggert (2023-10-06):
 # For now, assume DST is suspended indefinitely.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

backward

@@ -205,7 +205,6 @@ Link	America/Puerto_Rico	America/Tortola
 Link	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Antarctica/DumontDUrville
 Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/McMurdo
 Link	Asia/Riyadh		Antarctica/Syowa
-Link	Asia/Urumqi		Antarctica/Vostok
 Link	Europe/Berlin		Arctic/Longyearbyen
 Link	Asia/Riyadh		Asia/Aden
 Link	Asia/Qatar		Asia/Bahrain

backzone

@@ -963,35 +963,6 @@ Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
 Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 29
 			3:00	-	+03
 
-# Vostok, Antarctica
-#
-# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
-# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
-# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
-# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
-# time as Moscow, Russia.
-#
-# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
-# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
-# what they had to say about time there:
-# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
-# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
-# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
-# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
-# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
-# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
-# in person.  He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
-# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
-# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
-# solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
-# happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
-# it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess +06.
-#
-Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	-00	1957 Dec 16
-			6:00	-	+06
-
 # Yemen
 # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
 # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.