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BTO-Ontology

The purpose of this work is to develop an ontology-based framework for developing an information retrieval system to cater to specific queries of users. For creating such an ontology, information was obtained from a wide range of information sources involved with brain tumour study and research. The information thus obtained was compiled and analysed to provide a standard, reliable and relevant information base to aid our proposed system. Facet-based methodology has been used for ontology formalization for quite some time. Ontology formalization involves different steps such as identification of the terminology, analysis, synthesis, standardization and ordering. A vast majority of the ontologies being developed nowadays lack flexibility. This becomes a formidable constraint when it comes to interoperability. We found that a facet-based method provides a distinct guideline for the development of a robust and flexible model concerning the domain of brain tumours. Our attempt has been to bridge library and information science and computer science, which itself involved an experimental approach. It was discovered that a faceted approach is really enduring, as it helps in the achievement of properties like navigation, exploration and faceted browsing. Computer-based brain tumour ontology supports the work of researchers towards gathering information on brain tumour research and allows users across the world to intelligently access new scientific information quickly and efficiently.

Citation: Das, Subhashis, and Sayon Roy. "Faceted Ontological Model for Brain Tumour Study." KO KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 43, no. 1 (2016): 3-12.

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    Latest version:
    http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9
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    Provenance of this page


    Ontology Specification Draft

    Abstract

    The purpose of this work is to develop an ontology-based framework for developing an information retrieval system to cater to specific queries of users. For creating such an ontology, information was obtained from a wide range of information sources involved with brain tumour study and research. The information thus obtained was compiled and analysed to provide a standard, reliable and relevant information base to aid our proposed system. Facet-based methodology has been used for ontology formalization for quite some time. Ontology formalization involves different steps such as identification of the terminology, analysis, synthesis, standardization and ordering. A vast majority of the ontologies being developed nowadays lack flexibility. This becomes a formidable constraint when it comes to interoperability. We found that a facet-based method provides a distinct guideline for the development of a robust and flexible model concerning the domain of brain tumours. Our attempt has been to bridge library and information science and computer science, which itself involved an experimental approach. It was discovered that a faceted approach is really enduring, as it helps in the achievement of properties like navigation, exploration and faceted browsing. Computer-based brain tumour ontology supports the work of researchers towards gathering information on brain tumour research and allows users across the world to intelligently access new scientific information quickly and efficiently.
    <div id="introduction"><h2 id="intro" class="list">Introduction <span class="backlink"> back to <a href="#toc">ToC</a></span></h2>
    
    To date, ontologies pertaining to various domains and diverse dimensions have been constructed by a large number of researchers, scholars and developers across the globe. The twenty-first century witnessed a boom in the field of ontology construction. During the initial phase, ontologies were constructed for disciplines like biology and computer science, however ontologies gradually began developing for other subjects and domains. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, brain tumours annually claim 400,000 victims. MRIs and computed tomography (CT) scans are mainly used for detecting and locating brain tumours, which is vital for surgery and treatment. The scope of our work is to develop an ontological model, which would provide information on not only brain tumours and their types but also on specialists for diagnosis and treatment. We have used the methodology and guiding principles originally proposed by Giunchiglia et al. (2012).
    <div id="overview"><h2 id="overv" class="list">Brain Tumour Ontology: Overview <span class="backlink"> back to <a href="#toc">ToC</a></span></h2>
    
    This ontology has the following classes and properties.

    Classes

    Object Properties

    Data Properties

    Named Individuals

    <iframe align="center" width="100%" height ="500px" src="webvowl/index.html"></iframe>
    <div id="description"><h2 id="desc" class="list">Brain Tumour Ontology: Description <span class="backlink"> back to <a href="#toc">ToC</a></span></h2>
    
    This is a placeholder text for the description of your ontology. The description should include an explanation and a diagram explaining how the classes are related, examples of usage, etc.

    Cross reference for Brain Tumour Ontology classes, properties and dataproperties back to ToC

    This section provides details for each class and property defined by [Ontology Name].

    Classes

    Secondary brain tumourc back to ToC or Class ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Metastatic_brain_tumors_and_carcinomatous_meningitis

    Secondary brain tumors are tumors caused from cancer that originates in another part of the body. These tumors are not the same as primary brain tumors. The spread of cancer within the body is called metastasis. Cancer that spreads to the brain is the same disease and has the same name as the original (primary) cancer. For example, if lung cancer spreads to the brain, the disease is called metastatic lung cancer because the cells in the secondary tumor resemble abnormal lung cells, not abnormal brain cells. Treatment for secondary brain tumors depends on where the cancer started and the extent of the spread as well as other factors, including the patient's age general health, and response to previous treatment.
    Is defined by
    http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9
    has super-classes
    brain tumour type c

    Object Properties

    available doctorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#availableDoctor

    has domain
    hospital c
    has range
    brain tumour specialist c
    is inverse of
    is available in op

    expert inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/expertIn

    has domain
    brain tumour specialist c
    has range
    brain tumour treatment c
    is inverse of
    has expert op

    has expertop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/hasExpert

    has domain
    brain tumour treatment c
    has range
    brain tumour specialist c
    is inverse of
    expert in op

    has occursop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#hasOccurs

    has domain
    brain tumour type c
    has range
    brain tumour cause c

    identified byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#identifiedBy

    has domain
    brain tumour type c
    has range
    brain tumour diagnosis c

    is available inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#isAvailableIn

    has domain
    brain tumour specialist c
    has range
    hospital c
    is inverse of
    available doctor op

    treated byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#treatedBy

    has domain
    brain tumour type c
    has range
    brain tumour treatment c

    Data Properties

    address line1dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Address_line1

    has super-properties
    clinic address dp
    has domain
    hospital c
    has range
    string

    belongs todp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#belongsTo

    has super-properties
    clinic address dp

    characterizedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#characterize

    has domain
    brain tumour type c
    has range
    string

    citydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#City

    has super-properties
    clinic address dp
    has domain
    hospital c
    has range
    string

    countrydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Country

    has super-properties
    clinic address dp
    has domain
    hospital c
    has range
    string

    first namedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#firstName

    has domain
    brain tumour specialist c
    has range
    name

    has i c d o 3 codedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#has_ICDO-3_Code

    has characteristics: functional

    has range
    string

    has s n o m e d c t® concept iddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#has_SNOMED_CT®_ConceptId

    has characteristics: functional

    has domain
    brain tumour type c
    has range
    integer

    has urldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#has_url

    has characteristics: functional

    has range
    any u r i

    hospital namedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Hospital_name

    has super-properties
    clinic address dp
    has domain
    hospital c
    has range
    string

    institution nodp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Institution_no

    has super-properties
    has contract no dp
    has domain
    brain tumour institution c
    has range
    string

    personal nodp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Personal_no

    has super-properties
    has contract no dp
    has domain
    brain tumour specialist c
    has range
    string

    pin numberdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#PinNumber

    has super-properties
    clinic address dp
    has domain
    hospital c
    has range
    integer

    required costdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#requiredCost

    has domain
    brain tumour diagnosis c
    has range
    string

    workplace homepagedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/l#workplaceHomepage

    has domain
    brain tumour specialist c
    has range
    any u r i

    Named Individuals

    acibadem kozyatagi hospitalni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Acibadem_Kozyatagi_Hospital

    belongs to
    hospital c
    has facts
    address line1 dp "Inonu Caddesi, Okur Sk., No. 20"
    city dp "Istanbul"
    country dp "Turkey"
    hospital name dp "Acibadem Kozyatagi Hospital"
    pin number dp "34742"^^integer

    anaplastic astrocytomani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Anaplastic_astrocytoma

    Is defined by
    http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9
    belongs to
    higher grade malignancies c
    has facts
    treated by op surgery
    treated by op radiation therapy
    characterize dp "Accounts for two percent of all brain tumors"
    characterize dp "Common among men and women in their 30s-50s"
    characterize dp "Grows faster and more aggressively than grade II astrocytomas"
    characterize dp "Invades neighboring tissue"
    characterize dp "More common in men than women"
    characterize dp "Tumor cells are not uniform in appearance"
    has s n o m e d c t® concept id dp "55353007"^^integer

    biopsyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Biopsy

    belongs to
    brain tumour treatment c

    bumrungrad internationalni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Bumrungrad_International

    belongs to
    hospital c
    has facts
    address line1 dp "33 Sukhumvit 3 (Soi Nana Nua) Wattana"
    city dp "Bangkok"
    country dp "Thailand"
    hospital name dp "Bumrungrad International"
    pin number dp "10110"^^integer

    c i m a monterreyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#CIMA_Monterrey

    belongs to
    hospital c
    has facts
    address line1 dp "Frida Kahlo 180 Col. Valle Oriente"
    city dp "Monterrey"
    country dp "Mexico"
    hospital name dp "CIMA Monterrey"
    pin number dp "66260"^^integer

    c n s lymphomani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#CNS_Lymphoma

    belongs to
    primary central nervous system lymphoma ( p c n s l) c
    has facts
    has symptoms op headache
    has symptoms op partial paralysis on one side of the body
    has symptoms op seizure
    has symptoms op speech difficulty of gradual onset
    has symptoms op vision problems
    characterize dp "Accounts for about two percent of all brain tumors"
    characterize dp "Can be primary (originating in the brain) or secondary"
    characterize dp "More common in men than women"
    characterize dp "More common in people whose immune systems are compromised"
    characterize dp "Most common among men and women in their 60s-80s, but incidence is increasing in young adults"
    characterize dp "Often develops in the brain, commonly in the areas adjacent to the ventricles"
    characterize dp "Usually involves multiple tumors throughout the central nervous system (CNS)"
    characterize dp "Very aggressive"

    change in behaviorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Change_in_behavior

    A change in behavior: The development of an "I don't care" attitude, memory loss, loss of concentration, and general confusion may all be subtle signs. In this case, an evaluation by a neurologist may be an important step, but a CT or MRI will also help.
    belongs to
    brain tumour symptom c

    chordomani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Chordoma

    belongs to
    skull base primary tumour c
    has facts
    has symptoms op double vision
    has symptoms op headache
    characterize dp "Can block the ventricles, causing hydrocephalus (water on the brain)"
    characterize dp "Can metastasize (spread) or recur"
    characterize dp "Invades the bone and soft tissues but rarely the brain tissue"
    characterize dp "Occurs at the sacrum, near the lower tip of the spine, or at the base of the skull"
    characterize dp "Originates from cells left over from early fetal development"
    characterize dp "Rare and low grade"
    has s n o m e d c t® concept id dp "50007008"^^integer

    christus muguerzani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Christus_Muguerza

    belongs to
    hospital c
    has facts
    address line1 dp "Av. Hidalgo 2525 Poniente Colonia Obispado"
    city dp "Monterrey"
    country dp "Mexico"
    pin number dp "64060"^^integer

    chromosome changesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Chromosome_Changes

    The most common chromosomal changes in brain tumors occur on chromosomes 1, 10, 13, 17, 19 and 22. Changes on chromosomes 1 and 19 are most frequently found in oligodendrogliomas. Changes on chromosome 22 are most frequently found in meningiomas.
    belongs to
    genetic cause c

    craniopharyngiomani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Craniopharyngioma

    Is defined by
    http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9
    belongs to
    pituitary tumour c
    has facts
    has symptoms op delayed development in children
    has symptoms op headache
    has symptoms op vision problems
    treated by op surgery
    treated by op radiation therapy
    treated by op radiosurgery
    characterize dp "Also grows in the regions of the optic nerves and the hypothalamus, near the pituitary gland"
    characterize dp "Most common in the parasellar region, an area at the base of the brain and near the optic nerves"
    characterize dp "Occurs in children and men and women in their 50s and 60s"
    characterize dp "Often accompanied by a cyst"
    characterize dp "Originates in cells left over from early fetal development"
    characterize dp "Tends to be low grade"
    characterize dp "pediatric"
    has s n o m e d c t® concept id dp "189179009"^^integer

    double visionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Double_vision

    Double vision, especially if it is associated with headache
    belongs to
    brain tumour symptom c

    dr. amitabha chandani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Dr._Amitabha_Chanda

    belongs to
    brain tumour specialist c
    has facts
    is available in op fortis hospitals, kolkata
    personal no dp "9830017138"
    first name dp "Amitabha"^^name

    dr. benedict marius selladuraini back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Dr._Benedict_Marius_Selladurai

    belongs to
    brain tumour specialist c
    has facts
    is available in op sime darby medical centre ara damansara
    expert in op surgery
    first name dp "Benedict"^^name

    dr. chee chee pinni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Dr._Chee_Chee_Pin

    belongs to
    brain tumour specialist c
    has facts
    is available in op pantai hospital kuala lumpur
    first name dp "Chee"^^name

    dr. deepu banerjini back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Dr._Deepu_Banerji

    belongs to
    brain tumour specialist c
    has facts
    is available in op fortis hospitals, mumbai
    expert in op surgery
    first name dp "Deepu"^^name

    dr. halili bin rahmatni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Dr._Halili_Bin_Rahmat

    belongs to
    brain tumour specialist c
    has facts
    is available in op sime darby medical centre ara damansara
    first name dp "Halili"^^name

    dr. jagdeep nanrani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Dr._Jagdeep_Nanra

    belongs to
    brain tumour specialist c
    has facts
    expert in op removal of the tumor by surgery
    expert in op surgery
    first name dp "Jagdeep"^^name

    dr. jorge humberto guajardoni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Dr._Jorge_Humberto_Guajardo

    belongs to
    brain tumour specialist c
    has facts
    is available in op c i m a monterrey
    expert in op radiotherapy
    first name dp "Jorge"^^name

    dr. k n krishnani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Dr._K_N_Krishna

    belongs to
    brain tumour specialist c
    has facts
    is available in op fortis hospitals, bangalore
    expert in op surgery
    personal no dp "9980008435"
    workplace homepage dp "http://www.medicaltourismco.com/india-hospitals/doctors/dr-k-n-krishna.php"^^any u r i

    dr. lee kheng hinni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Dr._Lee_Kheng_Hin

    belongs to
    brain tumour specialist c
    has facts
    is available in op parkway gleneagles hospital
    expert in op stereotactic radiosurgery
    expert in op radiosurgery
    first name dp "Lee"^^name

    dr. memet ozekni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Dr._Memet_Ozek

    belongs to
    brain tumour specialist c
    has facts
    is available in op acibadem kozyatagi hospital
    expert in op surgery
    first name dp "Memet"^^name

    dr. muruga kumarni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Dr._Muruga_Kumar

    belongs to
    brain tumour specialist c
    has facts
    is available in op sime darby medical centre ara damansara
    first name dp "Muruga"^^name

    dr. pream pillayni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Dr._Pream_Pillay

    belongs to
    brain tumour specialist c
    has facts
    is available in op parkway mount elizabeth hospital
    expert in op surgery
    expert in op radiosurgery
    first name dp "Pream"^^name

    dr. sergio castillo carrilloni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Dr._Sergio_Castillo_Carrillo

    belongs to
    brain tumour specialist c
    has facts
    is available in op christus muguerza
    first name dp "Sergio"^^name

    dr. yot navalitlohani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Dr._Yot_Navalitloha

    belongs to
    brain tumour specialist c
    has facts
    is available in op bumrungrad international
    expert in op stereotactic radiosurgery
    expert in op radiation therapy
    first name dp "Yot"^^name

    ependymomani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Ependymoma

    Is defined by
    http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9
    belongs to
    lower grade malignancies c
    has facts
    has symptoms op difficulty walking
    has symptoms op fatigue and sleepiness
    has symptoms op headache
    has symptoms op nausea or vomiting
    has symptoms op neck pain or stiffness
    has symptoms op problems with coordination
    has symptoms op vision problems
    treated by op removal of the tumor by surgery
    treated by op surgery
    characterize dp "Accounts for two percent of all brain tumors"
    characterize dp "Can be slow growing or fast growing"
    characterize dp "Common in children, and among men and women in their 40s and 50s"
    characterize dp "Develops from cells that line the hollow cavities at the bottom of the brain and the canal containing the spinal cord"
    characterize dp "May be located in the ventricles (cavities in the center of the brain)"
    characterize dp "May block the ventricles, causing hydrocephalus (water on the brain)"
    characterize dp "Occurrence peaks at age five and again at age 34"
    characterize dp "Sometimes extends to the spinal cord"
    characterize dp "Usually localized to one area of the brain"
    characterize dp "pediatric"
    has s n o m e d c t® concept id dp "443643007"^^integer

    fortis hospitals, bangaloreni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Fortis_Hospitals,_Bangalore

    belongs to
    hospital c
    has facts
    address line1 dp "154/9, Bannerghatta Road, Opp. IIM-B"
    city dp "Bangalore"
    country dp "India"
    hospital name dp "Fortis Hospitals"
    pin number dp "560076"^^integer

    fortis hospitals, kolkatani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Fortis_Hospitals,_Kolkata

    belongs to
    hospital c
    has facts
    address line1 dp "#730, Anandapur EM Bypass Road"
    city dp "Kolkata"
    country dp "India"
    hospital name dp "Fortis Hospitals"
    pin number dp "700107"^^integer

    fortis hospitals, mumbaini back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Fortis_Hospitals,_Mumbai

    belongs to
    hospital c
    has facts
    address line1 dp "Mulund Goregaon Link Road"
    city dp "Mumbai"
    country dp "India"
    hospital name dp "Fortis Hospitals"
    pin number dp "400078"^^integer

    gene transfer protein therapeuticsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Gene_transfer_Protein_therapeutics

    belongs to
    brain tumour treatment c

    headacheni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Headache

    Although headaches are probably the most common symptom of a brain tumor, most people with headaches – even persistent or severe headaches – do not have a tumor. However, some kinds of headaches are particularly worrisome. A steady headache that is worse in the morning than the afternoon, a persistent headache that is associated with nausea or vomiting, or a headache accompanied by double vision, weakness, or numbness all suggest a possible tumor.
    belongs to
    brain tumour symptom c
    has facts
    has s n o m e d c t® concept id dp "25064002"^^integer

    immunotherapy alternating electrical fields metabolic therapyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Immunotherapy_Alternating_electrical_fields_Metabolic_therapy

    belongs to
    brain tumour treatment c

    medulloblastomani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Medulloblastoma

    Is defined by
    http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9
    belongs to
    primitive neuroectodermal tumors ( p n e t) c
    has facts
    has symptoms op change in behavior
    has symptoms op double vision
    has symptoms op early morning vomiting
    has symptoms op headache
    has symptoms op problems with coordination
    treated by op chemotherapy
    treated by op removal of the tumor by surgery
    treated by op radiation therapy
    characterize dp "A type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)"
    characterize dp "Can spread to the spinal cord through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)"
    characterize dp "May obstruct the fourth ventricle, causing hydrocephalus (water on the brain)"
    characterize dp "Occurs most often in children under the age of ten, but may occur in adults"
    characterize dp "Often located in the cerebellum or near the brain stem"
    characterize dp "Slightly more common in males than females"
    characterize dp "pediatric"
    has s n o m e d c t® concept id dp "443333004"^^integer

    mixed oligo astrocytomani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Mixed_oligo-astrocytoma

    Is defined by
    http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9
    belongs to
    lower grade malignancies c
    has facts
    has symptoms op change in behavior
    has symptoms op headache
    has symptoms op nausea or vomiting
    has symptoms op partial paralysis on one side of the body
    has symptoms op seizure
    has symptoms op vision problems
    treated by op chemotherapy
    treated by op surgery
    treated by op radiation therapy
    characterize dp "Accounts for one percent of all brain tumors"
    characterize dp "Common among men and women in their 20s-50s"
    characterize dp "Composed of two or more types of glioma cells"
    characterize dp "Graded according to the most aggressive type of tumor cells"

    optic nerve gliomani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Optic_nerve_glioma

    Is defined by
    http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9
    belongs to
    lower grade malignancies c
    has facts
    has symptoms op double vision
    has symptoms op headache
    has symptoms op vision problems
    treated by op chemotherapy
    treated by op radiation therapy
    characterize dp "Can range from low grade to high grade"
    characterize dp "Named for its location on or near the nerve pathways between the eyes and the brain"
    characterize dp "Occurs most often in infants and children, but can occur in adults"
    characterize dp "pediatric"
    has s n o m e d c t® concept id dp "254976006"^^integer

    palliative therapyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Palliative_therapy

    belongs to
    brain tumour treatment c

    pantai hospital kuala lumpurni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Pantai_Hospital_Kuala_Lumpur

    belongs to
    hospital c
    has facts
    address line1 dp "8, Jalan Bukit Pantai"
    city dp "Kuala Lumpur"
    country dp "Malaysia"
    hospital name dp "Pantai Hospital"
    pin number dp "59100"^^integer

    parkway gleneagles hospitalni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Parkway_Gleneagles_Hospital

    belongs to
    hospital c
    has facts
    address line1 dp "6A Napier Road"
    city dp "Singapore"
    country dp "Singapore"
    hospital name dp "Parkway Gleneagles Hospital"
    pin number dp "258500"^^integer

    parkway mount elizabeth hospitalni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Parkway_Mount_Elizabeth_Hospital

    belongs to
    hospital c
    has facts
    address line1 dp "3 Mount Elizabeth"
    city dp "Singapore"
    country dp "Singapore"
    hospital name dp "Parkway Mount Elizabeth Hospital"
    pin number dp "228510"^^integer

    pilocytic astrocytomani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Pilocytic_astrocytoma

    Also called Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (JPA)
    Is defined by
    http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9
    belongs to
    lowest grade tumors c
    has facts
    has symptoms op headache
    identified by op computed tomography
    identified by op magnetic resonance imaging
    treated by op radiation therapy
    characterize dp "Accounts for two percent of all brain tumors"
    characterize dp "Grows in the cerebrum, optic nerve pathways, brain stem and cerebellum"
    characterize dp "Occurs most often in children and teens"
    characterize dp "Slow growing, with relatively well-defined borders"
    characterize dp "pediatric"
    has mesh i d dp "D001254"
    has i c d o 3 code dp "9421"
    has s n o m e d c t® concept id dp "128854008"^^integer

    radiation therapyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Radiation_therapy

    belongs to
    brain tumour treatment c
    has facts
    has expert op dr. yot navalitloha

    radiosurgeryni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Radiosurgery

    belongs to
    brain tumour treatment c

    radiotherapyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Radiotherapy

    belongs to
    brain tumour treatment c
    has facts
    has expert op dr. jorge humberto guajardo

    removal of the tumor by surgeryni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Removal_of_the_tumor_by_surgery

    belongs to
    brain tumour treatment c
    has facts
    has expert op dr. jagdeep nanra

    sime darby medical centre ara damansarani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Sime_Darby_Medical_Centre_Ara_Damansara

    belongs to
    hospital c
    has facts
    address line1 dp "Lot 2, Jalan Lapangan Terbang Subang Seksyen U2"
    city dp "Ara Damansara"
    country dp "Malaysia"
    hospital name dp "Sime Darby Medical Centre"
    pin number dp "40150"^^integer

    stereotactic radiosurgeryni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Stereotactic_radiosurgery

    belongs to
    brain tumour treatment c
    has facts
    has expert op dr. lee kheng hin
    has expert op dr. yot navalitloha

    subependymomani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Subependymoma

    Is defined by
    http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9
    belongs to
    lowest grade tumors c
    has facts
    has symptoms op difficulty walking
    has symptoms op headache
    has symptoms op nausea or vomiting
    treated by op biopsy
    treated by op radiation therapy
    characterize dp "More common in men than in women"
    characterize dp "Slow growing"
    characterize dp "Usually located in the fourth and lateral ventricles"
    has s n o m e d c t® concept id dp "4553004"^^integer

    surgeryni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Surgery

    belongs to
    brain tumour treatment c
    has facts
    has expert op dr. benedict marius selladurai
    has expert op dr. deepu banerji
    has expert op dr. jagdeep nanra
    has expert op dr. k n krishna
    has expert op dr. memet ozek
    has expert op dr. pream pillay

    surgery followed by radiation therapyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Surgery_followed_by_radiation_therapy

    belongs to
    brain tumour treatment c

    symptomatic therapyni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Symptomatic_therapy

    belongs to
    brain tumour treatment c

    unsteadiness or imbalanceni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Unsteadiness_or_imbalance

    Unsteadiness or imbalance, especially if it is associated with headache
    belongs to
    brain tumour symptom c

    vision problemsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/samsung/ontologies/2012/10/untitled-ontology-9#Vision_problems

    Loss of vision in one or both eyes, especially if the vision
    belongs to
    brain tumour symptom c

    whole brain radiation therapy ( w b r t)ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

    IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Whole_brain_radiation_therapy_(WBRT)

    belongs to
    brain tumour treatment c

    Legend back to ToC

    c: Classes
    op: Object Properties
    dp: Data Properties
    ni: Named Individuals

    References back to ToC

    Das, Subhashis, and Sayon Roy. "Faceted Ontological Model for Brain Tumour Study." KO KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 43, no. 1 (2016): 3-12.

    Acknowledgements back to ToC

    The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.

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