fix(core): Typing in docker_client

[Tranquility2]

Supports: #305
Related : #691 #692 #700

Based on #504, kudos @alexanderankin

poetry run mypy --config-file pyproject.toml core/testcontainers/core/docker_client.py 
Success: no issues found in 1 source file

Old

                    Error Summary                     
┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━┓
┃ File Path                                 ┃ Errors ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━┩
│ core/testcontainers/core/version.py       │ 12     │
│ core/testcontainers/core/docker_client.py │ 14     │
│ core/testcontainers/core/image.py         │ 17     │
│ core/testcontainers/core/waiting_utils.py │ 8      │
│ core/testcontainers/core/container.py     │ 20     │
│ core/tests/test_new_docker_api.py         │ 4      │
│ core/tests/test_docker_in_docker.py       │ 2      │
│ core/testcontainers/compose/compose.py    │ 22     │
│ core/testcontainers/compose/__init__.py   │ 2      │
│ core/tests/test_version.py                │ 2      │
│ core/tests/test_ryuk.py                   │ 2      │
│ core/tests/test_registry.py               │ 1      │
│ core/tests/test_image.py                  │ 3      │
│ core/tests/test_compose.py                │ 7      │
└───────────────────────────────────────────┴────────┘
Found 116 errors in 14 files.

New

                    Error Summary                     
┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━┓
┃ File Path                                 ┃ Errors ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━┩
│ core/testcontainers/core/version.py       │ 12     │
│ core/testcontainers/core/network.py       │ 3      │
│ core/testcontainers/core/image.py         │ 17     │
│ core/testcontainers/core/waiting_utils.py │ 8      │
│ core/testcontainers/core/container.py     │ 19     │
│ core/tests/test_new_docker_api.py         │ 4      │
│ core/tests/test_docker_in_docker.py       │ 2      │
│ core/testcontainers/compose/compose.py    │ 22     │
│ core/testcontainers/compose/__init__.py   │ 2      │
│ core/tests/test_version.py                │ 2      │
│ core/tests/test_ryuk.py                   │ 2      │
│ core/tests/test_registry.py               │ 1      │
│ core/tests/test_image.py                  │ 3      │
│ core/tests/test_compose.py                │ 7      │
└───────────────────────────────────────────┴────────┘
Found 104 errors in 14 files.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

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Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #702   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage        ?   85.43%           
=======================================
  Files           ?       12           
  Lines           ?      659           
  Branches        ?      103           
=======================================
  Hits            ?      563           
  Misses          ?       74           
  Partials        ?       22           

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[Tranquility2]

Please note:

core/testcontainers/core/config.py:46: error: X | Y syntax for unions requires Python 3.10  [syntax]
        connection_mode: str | None = environ.get("TESTCONTAINERS_CONNECTION_MODE")

Found when rebasing and updated to support 3.9 (I'm not aware of deprecating 3.9 in tc-python, feel free to update)