Add in: range matcher to validate_numericality_of

Closes: #1493

In Rails 7 was added a new option to validate numericality. You can use
`in: range` to specify a range to validate an attribute.

```ruby
class User < ApplicationRecord
  validates :age, numericality: { greater_than_or_equal_to: 18, less_than_or_equal_to: 65 }
end

class User < ApplicationRecord
  validates :age, numericality: { in: 18..65 }
end
```

In this commit we are adding the support matcher to this new
functionality, while also making a refactor on the numericality
matchers that use the concept of submatchers.

We've created a new class (`NumericalityMatchers::Submatcher`) that's
been used by `NumericalityMatchers::RangeMatcher` and
`NumericalityMatchers::ComparisonMatcher`, this new class wil handle
shared logic regarding having submatchers that will check if the parent
matcher is valid or not.

Our new class `Numericality::Matchers::RangeMatcher` is using as
submatchers two `NumericalityMatchers::ComparisonMatcher` instances to
avoid creating new logic to handle this new option and also to replicate
what was being used before this option existed in Rails (see example
above)

In this commit we are adding:

* NumericalityMatchers::RangeMatcher file to support the new `in: range`
  option.
* Specs on ValidateNumericalityOfMatcherSpec file for the new supported
  option, only running on rails_versions > 7.
* NumericalityMatchers::Submatchers file to handle having submatchers
  inside a matcher file.
* Refactors to NumericalityMatchers::ComparisonMatcher.

lib/shoulda/matchers/active_model.rb

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 require 'shoulda/matchers/active_model/numericality_matchers/odd_number_matcher'
 require 'shoulda/matchers/active_model/numericality_matchers/even_number_matcher'
 require 'shoulda/matchers/active_model/numericality_matchers/only_integer_matcher'
+require 'shoulda/matchers/active_model/numericality_matchers/range_matcher'
+require 'shoulda/matchers/active_model/numericality_matchers/submatchers'
 require 'shoulda/matchers/active_model/errors'
 require 'shoulda/matchers/active_model/have_secure_password_matcher'
 

lib/shoulda/matchers/active_model/numericality_matchers/comparison_matcher.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
+
 module Shoulda
   module Matchers
     module ActiveModel
@@ -31,6 +33,8 @@ class ComparisonMatcher < ValidationMatcher
             },
           }.freeze
 
+          delegate :failure_message, :failure_message_when_negated, to: :submatchers
+
           def initialize(numericality_matcher, value, operator)
             super(nil)
             unless numericality_matcher.respond_to? :diff_to_compare
@@ -72,49 +76,24 @@ def expects_custom_validation_message?
 
           def matches?(subject)
             @subject = subject
-            all_bounds_correct?
-          end
-
-          def failure_message
-            last_failing_submatcher.failure_message
-          end
-
-          def failure_message_when_negated
-            last_failing_submatcher.failure_message_when_negated
+            submatchers.matches?(subject)
           end
 
           def comparison_description
             "#{comparison_expectation} #{@value}"
           end
 
-          private
-
-          def all_bounds_correct?
-            failing_submatchers.empty?
-          end
-
-          def failing_submatchers
-            submatchers_and_results.
-              select { |x| !x[:matched] }.
-              map { |x| x[:matcher] }
-          end
-
-          def last_failing_submatcher
-            failing_submatchers.last
-          end
-
           def submatchers
-            @_submatchers ||=
-              comparison_combos.map do |diff, submatcher_method_name|
-                matcher = __send__(submatcher_method_name, diff, nil)
-                matcher.with_message(@message, values: { count: @value })
-                matcher
-              end
+            @_submatchers ||= NumericalityMatchers::Submatchers.new(build_submatchers)
           end
 
-          def submatchers_and_results
-            @_submatchers_and_results ||= submatchers.map do |matcher|
-              { matcher: matcher, matched: matcher.matches?(@subject) }
+          private
+
+          def build_submatchers
+            comparison_combos.map do |diff, submatcher_method_name|
+              matcher = __send__(submatcher_method_name, diff, nil)
+              matcher.with_message(@message, values: { count: @value })
+              matcher
             end
           end
 

lib/shoulda/matchers/active_model/numericality_matchers/range_matcher.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
+
+module Shoulda
+  module Matchers
+    module ActiveModel
+      module NumericalityMatchers
+        # @private
+        class RangeMatcher < ValidationMatcher
+          OPERATORS = [:>=, :<=].freeze
+
+          delegate :failure_message, to: :submatchers
+
+          def initialize(numericality_matcher, attribute, range)
+            super(attribute)
+            unless numericality_matcher.respond_to? :diff_to_compare
+              raise ArgumentError, 'numericality_matcher is invalid'
+            end
+
+            @numericality_matcher = numericality_matcher
+            @range = range
+            @attribute = attribute
+          end
+
+          def matches?(subject)
+            @subject = subject
+            submatchers.matches?(subject)
+          end
+
+          def simple_description
+            description = ''
+
+            if expects_strict?
+              description << ' strictly'
+            end
+
+            description +
+              "disallow :#{attribute} from being a number that is not " +
+              range_description
+          end
+
+          def range_description
+            "from #{Shoulda::Matchers::Util.inspect_range(@range)}"
+          end
+
+          def submatchers
+            @_submatchers ||= NumericalityMatchers::Submatchers.new(build_submatchers)
+          end
+
+          private
+
+          def build_submatchers
+            submatcher_combos.map do |value, operator|
+              build_comparison_submatcher(value, operator)
+            end
+          end
+
+          def submatcher_combos
+            @range.minmax.zip(OPERATORS)
+          end
+
+          def build_comparison_submatcher(value, operator)
+            NumericalityMatchers::ComparisonMatcher.new(@numericality_matcher, value, operator).
+              for(@attribute).
+              with_message(@message).
+              on(@context)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/shoulda/matchers/active_model/numericality_matchers/submatchers.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+module Shoulda
+  module Matchers
+    module ActiveModel
+      module NumericalityMatchers
+        # @private
+        class Submatchers
+          def initialize(submatchers)
+            @submatchers = submatchers
+          end
+
+          def matches?(subject)
+            @subject = subject
+            failing_submatchers.empty?
+          end
+
+          def failure_message
+            last_failing_submatcher.failure_message
+          end
+
+          def failure_message_when_negated
+            last_failing_submatcher.failure_message_when_negated
+          end
+
+          def add(submatcher)
+            @submatchers << submatcher
+          end
+
+          def last_failing_submatcher
+            failing_submatchers.last
+          end
+
+          private
+
+          def failing_submatchers
+            @_failing_submatchers ||= @submatchers.reject do |submatcher|
+              submatcher.matches?(@subject)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

lib/shoulda/matchers/active_model/validate_numericality_of_matcher.rb

@@ -276,6 +276,33 @@ module ActiveModel
       #       should validate_numericality_of(:birth_day).odd
       #     end
       #
+      # ##### is_in
+      #
+      # Use `is_in` to test usage of the `:in` option.
+      # This asserts that the attribute can take a number which is contained
+      # in the given range.
+      #
+      #     class Person
+      #       include ActiveModel::Model
+      #       attr_accessor :legal_age
+      #
+      #       validates_numericality_of :birth_month, in: 1..12
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # RSpec
+      #     RSpec.describe Person, type: :model do
+      #       it do
+      #         should validate_numericality_of(:birth_month).
+      #           is_in(1..12)
+      #       end
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # Minitest (Shoulda)
+      #     class PersonTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+      #       should validate_numericality_of(:birth_month).
+      #         is_in(1..12)
+      #     end
+      #
       # ##### with_message
       #
       # Use `with_message` if you are using a custom validation message.
@@ -426,6 +453,13 @@ def is_other_than(value)
           self
         end
 
+        def is_in(range)
+          prepare_submatcher(
+            NumericalityMatchers::RangeMatcher.new(self, @attribute, range),
+          )
+          self
+        end
+
         def with_message(message)
           @expects_custom_validation_message = true
           @expected_message = message
@@ -457,6 +491,10 @@ def simple_description
           description << "validate that :#{@attribute} looks like "
           description << Shoulda::Matchers::Util.a_or_an(full_allowed_type)
 
+          if range_description.present?
+            description << " #{range_description}"
+          end
+
           if comparison_descriptions.present?
             description << " #{comparison_descriptions}"
           end
@@ -673,6 +711,14 @@ def submatcher_comparison_descriptions
           end
         end
 
+        def range_description
+          range_submatcher = @submatchers.detect do |submatcher|
+            submatcher.respond_to? :range_description
+          end
+
+          range_submatcher&.range_description
+        end
+
         def model
           @subject.class
         end

spec/support/unit/helpers/rails_versions.rb

@@ -10,5 +10,9 @@ def self.configure_example_group(example_group)
     def rails_version
       Tests::Version.new(Rails::VERSION::STRING)
     end
+
+    def rails_oldest_version_supported
+      5.2
+    end
   end
 end