fix typo in filesystems/vfs.rst #776

ZhaoQi99 · 2020-01-07T14:10:55Z

change creat to create

KernelPRBot · 2020-01-07T14:15:17Z

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ammarfaizi2 · 2020-02-03T08:45:41Z

That is not a typo.

ZhaoQi99 · 2020-02-03T10:42:49Z

That is not a typo.

I'm sorry.

Iterating over BPF links attached to network namespace in pre_exit hook is not safe, even if there is just one. Once link gets auto-detached, that is its back-pointer to net object is set to NULL, the link can be released and freed without waiting on netns_bpf_mutex, effectively causing the list element we are operating on to be freed. This leads to use-after-free when trying to access the next element on the list, as reported by KASAN. Bug can be triggered by destroying a network namespace, while also releasing a link attached to this network namespace. | ================================================================== | BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in netns_bpf_pernet_pre_exit+0xd9/0x130 | Read of size 8 at addr ffff888119e0d778 by task kworker/u8:2/177 | | CPU: 3 PID: 177 Comm: kworker/u8:2 Not tainted 5.8.0-rc1-00197-ga0c04c9d1008-dirty torvalds#776 | Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS ?-20190727_073836-buildvm-ppc64le-16.ppc.fedoraproject.org-3.fc31 04/01/2014 | Workqueue: netns cleanup_net | Call Trace: | dump_stack+0x9e/0xe0 | print_address_description.constprop.0+0x3a/0x60 | ? netns_bpf_pernet_pre_exit+0xd9/0x130 | kasan_report.cold+0x1f/0x40 | ? netns_bpf_pernet_pre_exit+0xd9/0x130 | netns_bpf_pernet_pre_exit+0xd9/0x130 | cleanup_net+0x30b/0x5b0 | ? unregister_pernet_device+0x50/0x50 | ? rcu_read_lock_bh_held+0xb0/0xb0 | ? _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x24/0x50 | process_one_work+0x4d1/0xa10 | ? lock_release+0x3e0/0x3e0 | ? pwq_dec_nr_in_flight+0x110/0x110 | ? rwlock_bug.part.0+0x60/0x60 | worker_thread+0x7a/0x5c0 | ? process_one_work+0xa10/0xa10 | kthread+0x1e3/0x240 | ? kthread_create_on_node+0xd0/0xd0 | ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 | | Allocated by task 280: | save_stack+0x1b/0x40 | __kasan_kmalloc.constprop.0+0xc2/0xd0 | netns_bpf_link_create+0xfe/0x650 | __do_sys_bpf+0x153a/0x2a50 | do_syscall_64+0x59/0x300 | entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 | | Freed by task 198: | save_stack+0x1b/0x40 | __kasan_slab_free+0x12f/0x180 | kfree+0xed/0x350 | process_one_work+0x4d1/0xa10 | worker_thread+0x7a/0x5c0 | kthread+0x1e3/0x240 | ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 | | The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888119e0d700 | which belongs to the cache kmalloc-192 of size 192 | The buggy address is located 120 bytes inside of | 192-byte region [ffff888119e0d700, ffff888119e0d7c0) | The buggy address belongs to the page: | page:ffffea0004678340 refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 | flags: 0x2fffe0000000200(slab) | raw: 02fffe0000000200 ffffea00045ba8c0 0000000600000006 ffff88811a80ea80 | raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000100010 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000 | page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected | | Memory state around the buggy address: | ffff888119e0d600: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb | ffff888119e0d680: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc | >ffff888119e0d700: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb | ^ | ffff888119e0d780: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc | ffff888119e0d800: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb | ================================================================== Remove the "fast-path" for releasing a link that got auto-detached by a dying network namespace to fix it. This way as long as link is on the list and netns_bpf mutex is held, we have a guarantee that link memory can be accessed. An alternative way to fix this issue would be to safely iterate over the list of links and ensure there is no access to link object after detaching it. But, at the moment, optimizing synchronization overhead on link release without a workload in mind seems like an overkill. Fixes: 7233adc ("bpf, netns: Keep a list of attached bpf_link's") Signed-off-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>

Iterating over BPF links attached to network namespace in pre_exit hook is not safe, even if there is just one. Once link gets auto-detached, that is its back-pointer to net object is set to NULL, the link can be released and freed without waiting on netns_bpf_mutex, effectively causing the list element we are operating on to be freed. This leads to use-after-free when trying to access the next element on the list, as reported by KASAN. Bug can be triggered by destroying a network namespace, while also releasing a link attached to this network namespace. | ================================================================== | BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in netns_bpf_pernet_pre_exit+0xd9/0x130 | Read of size 8 at addr ffff888119e0d778 by task kworker/u8:2/177 | | CPU: 3 PID: 177 Comm: kworker/u8:2 Not tainted 5.8.0-rc1-00197-ga0c04c9d1008-dirty torvalds#776 | Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS ?-20190727_073836-buildvm-ppc64le-16.ppc.fedoraproject.org-3.fc31 04/01/2014 | Workqueue: netns cleanup_net | Call Trace: | dump_stack+0x9e/0xe0 | print_address_description.constprop.0+0x3a/0x60 | ? netns_bpf_pernet_pre_exit+0xd9/0x130 | kasan_report.cold+0x1f/0x40 | ? netns_bpf_pernet_pre_exit+0xd9/0x130 | netns_bpf_pernet_pre_exit+0xd9/0x130 | cleanup_net+0x30b/0x5b0 | ? unregister_pernet_device+0x50/0x50 | ? rcu_read_lock_bh_held+0xb0/0xb0 | ? _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x24/0x50 | process_one_work+0x4d1/0xa10 | ? lock_release+0x3e0/0x3e0 | ? pwq_dec_nr_in_flight+0x110/0x110 | ? rwlock_bug.part.0+0x60/0x60 | worker_thread+0x7a/0x5c0 | ? process_one_work+0xa10/0xa10 | kthread+0x1e3/0x240 | ? kthread_create_on_node+0xd0/0xd0 | ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 | | Allocated by task 280: | save_stack+0x1b/0x40 | __kasan_kmalloc.constprop.0+0xc2/0xd0 | netns_bpf_link_create+0xfe/0x650 | __do_sys_bpf+0x153a/0x2a50 | do_syscall_64+0x59/0x300 | entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 | | Freed by task 198: | save_stack+0x1b/0x40 | __kasan_slab_free+0x12f/0x180 | kfree+0xed/0x350 | process_one_work+0x4d1/0xa10 | worker_thread+0x7a/0x5c0 | kthread+0x1e3/0x240 | ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 | | The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888119e0d700 | which belongs to the cache kmalloc-192 of size 192 | The buggy address is located 120 bytes inside of | 192-byte region [ffff888119e0d700, ffff888119e0d7c0) | The buggy address belongs to the page: | page:ffffea0004678340 refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 | flags: 0x2fffe0000000200(slab) | raw: 02fffe0000000200 ffffea00045ba8c0 0000000600000006 ffff88811a80ea80 | raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000100010 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000 | page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected | | Memory state around the buggy address: | ffff888119e0d600: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb | ffff888119e0d680: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc | >ffff888119e0d700: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb | ^ | ffff888119e0d780: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc | ffff888119e0d800: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb | ================================================================== Remove the "fast-path" for releasing a link that got auto-detached by a dying network namespace to fix it. This way as long as link is on the list and netns_bpf mutex is held, we have a guarantee that link memory can be accessed. An alternative way to fix this issue would be to safely iterate over the list of links and ensure there is no access to link object after detaching it. But, at the moment, optimizing synchronization overhead on link release without a workload in mind seems like an overkill. Fixes: ab53cad ("bpf, netns: Keep a list of attached bpf_link's") Signed-off-by: Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200630164541.1329993-1-jakub@cloudflare.com

Remove panicking stub for `__mulodi4`

This will add eBPF JIT support to the 32-bit ARCv2 processors. The implementation is qualified by running the BPF tests on a Synopsys HSDK board with "ARC HS38 v2.1c at 500 MHz" as the 4-core CPU. The test_bpf.ko reports 2-10 fold improvements in execution time of its tests. For instance: test_bpf: torvalds#33 tcpdump port 22 jited:0 704 1766 2104 PASS test_bpf: torvalds#33 tcpdump port 22 jited:1 120 224 260 PASS test_bpf: #141 ALU_DIV_X: 4294967295 / 4294967295 = 1 jited:0 238 PASS test_bpf: #141 ALU_DIV_X: 4294967295 / 4294967295 = 1 jited:1 23 PASS test_bpf: torvalds#776 JMP32_JGE_K: all ... magnitudes jited:0 2034681 PASS test_bpf: torvalds#776 JMP32_JGE_K: all ... magnitudes jited:1 1020022 PASS Deployment and structure ------------------------ The related codes are added to "arch/arc/net": - bpf_jit.h -- The interface that a back-end translator must provide - bpf_jit_core.c -- Knows how to handle the input eBPF byte stream - bpf_jit_arcv2.c -- The back-end code that knows the translation logic The bpf_int_jit_compile() at the end of bpf_jit_core.c is the entrance to the whole process. Normally, the translation is done in one pass, namely the "normal pass". In case some relocations are not known during this pass, some data (arc_jit_data) is allocated for the next pass to come. This possible next (and last) pass is called the "extra pass". 1. Normal pass # The necessary pass 1a. Dry run # Get the whole JIT length, epilogue offset, etc. 1b. Emit phase # Allocate memory and start emitting instructions 2. Extra pass # Only needed if there are relocations to be fixed 2a. Patch relocations Support status -------------- The JIT compiler supports BPF instructions up to "cpu=v4". However, it does not yet provide support for: - Tail calls - Atomic operations - 64-bit division/remainder - BPF_PROBE_MEM* (exception table) The result of "test_bpf" test suite on an HSDK board is: hsdk-lnx# insmod test_bpf.ko test_suite=test_bpf test_bpf: Summary: 863 PASSED, 186 FAILED, [851/851 JIT'ed] All the failing test cases are due to the ones that were not JIT'ed. Categorically, they can be represented as: .-----------.------------.-------------. | test type | opcodes | # of cases | |-----------+------------+-------------| | atomic | 0xC3, 0xDB | 149 | | div64 | 0x37, 0x3F | 22 | | mod64 | 0x97, 0x9F | 15 | `-----------^------------+-------------| | (total) 186 | `-------------' Setup: build config ------------------- The following configs must be set to have a working JIT test: CONFIG_BPF_JIT=y CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON=y CONFIG_TEST_BPF=m The following options are not necessary for the tests module, but are good to have: CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y # prerequisite for below CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF=y # so bpftool can generate vmlinux.h CONFIG_FTRACE=y # CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL=y # all these options lead to CONFIG_KPROBE_EVENTS=y # having CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS=y CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS=y # Some BPF programs provide data through /sys/kernel/debug: CONFIG_DEBUG_FS=y arc# mount -t debugfs debugfs /sys/kernel/debug Setup: elfutils --------------- The libdw.{so,a} library that is used by pahole for processing the final binary must come from elfutils 0.189 or newer. The support for ARCv2 [1] has been added since that version. [1] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=elfutils.git;a=commit;h=de3d46b3e7 Setup: pahole ------------- The line below in linux/scripts/Makefile.btf must be commented out: pahole-flags-$(call test-ge, $(pahole-ver), 121) += --btf_gen_floats Or else, the build will fail: $ make V=1 ... BTF .btf.vmlinux.bin.o pahole -J --btf_gen_floats \ -j --lang_exclude=rust \ --skip_encoding_btf_inconsistent_proto \ --btf_gen_optimized .tmp_vmlinux.btf Complex, interval and imaginary float types are not supported Encountered error while encoding BTF. ... BTFIDS vmlinux ./tools/bpf/resolve_btfids/resolve_btfids vmlinux libbpf: failed to find '.BTF' ELF section in vmlinux FAILED: load BTF from vmlinux: No data available This is due to the fact that the ARC toolchains generate "complex float" DIE entries in libgcc and at the moment, pahole can't handle such entries. Running the tests ----------------- host$ scp /bld/linux/lib/test_bpf.ko arc: arc # sysctl net.core.bpf_jit_enable=1 arc # insmod test_bpf.ko test_suite=test_bpf ... test_bpf: #1048 Staggered jumps: JMP32_JSLE_X jited:1 697811 PASS test_bpf: Summary: 863 PASSED, 186 FAILED, [851/851 JIT'ed] Acknowledgments --------------- - Claudiu Zissulescu for his unwavering support - Yuriy Kolerov for testing and troubleshooting - Vladimir Isaev for the pahole workaround - Sergey Matyukevich for paving the road by adding the interpreter support Signed-off-by: Shahab Vahedi <shahab@synopsys.com>

This will add eBPF JIT support to the 32-bit ARCv2 processors. The implementation is qualified by running the BPF tests on a Synopsys HSDK board with "ARC HS38 v2.1c at 500 MHz" as the 4-core CPU. The test_bpf.ko reports 2-10 fold improvements in execution time of its tests. For instance: test_bpf: torvalds#33 tcpdump port 22 jited:0 704 1766 2104 PASS test_bpf: torvalds#33 tcpdump port 22 jited:1 120 224 260 PASS test_bpf: torvalds#141 ALU_DIV_X: 4294967295 / 4294967295 = 1 jited:0 238 PASS test_bpf: torvalds#141 ALU_DIV_X: 4294967295 / 4294967295 = 1 jited:1 23 PASS test_bpf: torvalds#776 JMP32_JGE_K: all ... magnitudes jited:0 2034681 PASS test_bpf: torvalds#776 JMP32_JGE_K: all ... magnitudes jited:1 1020022 PASS Deployment and structure ------------------------ The related codes are added to "arch/arc/net": - bpf_jit.h -- The interface that a back-end translator must provide - bpf_jit_core.c -- Knows how to handle the input eBPF byte stream - bpf_jit_arcv2.c -- The back-end code that knows the translation logic The bpf_int_jit_compile() at the end of bpf_jit_core.c is the entrance to the whole process. Normally, the translation is done in one pass, namely the "normal pass". In case some relocations are not known during this pass, some data (arc_jit_data) is allocated for the next pass to come. This possible next (and last) pass is called the "extra pass". 1. Normal pass # The necessary pass 1a. Dry run # Get the whole JIT length, epilogue offset, etc. 1b. Emit phase # Allocate memory and start emitting instructions 2. Extra pass # Only needed if there are relocations to be fixed 2a. Patch relocations Support status -------------- The JIT compiler supports BPF instructions up to "cpu=v4". However, it does not yet provide support for: - Tail calls - Atomic operations - 64-bit division/remainder - BPF_PROBE_MEM* (exception table) The result of "test_bpf" test suite on an HSDK board is: hsdk-lnx# insmod test_bpf.ko test_suite=test_bpf test_bpf: Summary: 863 PASSED, 186 FAILED, [851/851 JIT'ed] All the failing test cases are due to the ones that were not JIT'ed. Categorically, they can be represented as: .-----------.------------.-------------. | test type | opcodes | # of cases | |-----------+------------+-------------| | atomic | 0xC3, 0xDB | 149 | | div64 | 0x37, 0x3F | 22 | | mod64 | 0x97, 0x9F | 15 | `-----------^------------+-------------| | (total) 186 | `-------------' Setup: build config ------------------- The following configs must be set to have a working JIT test: CONFIG_BPF_JIT=y CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON=y CONFIG_TEST_BPF=m The following options are not necessary for the tests module, but are good to have: CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y # prerequisite for below CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF=y # so bpftool can generate vmlinux.h CONFIG_FTRACE=y # CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL=y # all these options lead to CONFIG_KPROBE_EVENTS=y # having CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS=y CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS=y # Some BPF programs provide data through /sys/kernel/debug: CONFIG_DEBUG_FS=y arc# mount -t debugfs debugfs /sys/kernel/debug Setup: elfutils --------------- The libdw.{so,a} library that is used by pahole for processing the final binary must come from elfutils 0.189 or newer. The support for ARCv2 [1] has been added since that version. [1] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=elfutils.git;a=commit;h=de3d46b3e7 Setup: pahole ------------- The line below in linux/scripts/Makefile.btf must be commented out: pahole-flags-$(call test-ge, $(pahole-ver), 121) += --btf_gen_floats Or else, the build will fail: $ make V=1 ... BTF .btf.vmlinux.bin.o pahole -J --btf_gen_floats \ -j --lang_exclude=rust \ --skip_encoding_btf_inconsistent_proto \ --btf_gen_optimized .tmp_vmlinux.btf Complex, interval and imaginary float types are not supported Encountered error while encoding BTF. ... BTFIDS vmlinux ./tools/bpf/resolve_btfids/resolve_btfids vmlinux libbpf: failed to find '.BTF' ELF section in vmlinux FAILED: load BTF from vmlinux: No data available This is due to the fact that the ARC toolchains generate "complex float" DIE entries in libgcc and at the moment, pahole can't handle such entries. Running the tests ----------------- host$ scp /bld/linux/lib/test_bpf.ko arc: arc # sysctl net.core.bpf_jit_enable=1 arc # insmod test_bpf.ko test_suite=test_bpf ... test_bpf: #1048 Staggered jumps: JMP32_JSLE_X jited:1 697811 PASS test_bpf: Summary: 863 PASSED, 186 FAILED, [851/851 JIT'ed] Acknowledgments --------------- - Claudiu Zissulescu for his unwavering support - Yuriy Kolerov for testing and troubleshooting - Vladimir Isaev for the pahole workaround - Sergey Matyukevich for paving the road by adding the interpreter support Signed-off-by: Shahab Vahedi <shahab@synopsys.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240430145604.38592-1-list+bpf@vahedi.org Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

fix: 🐛 typo in filesystems/vfs.rst

75c167a

ZhaoQi99 changed the title ~~fix: 🐛 typo in filesystems/vfs.rst~~ fix typo in filesystems/vfs.rst Jan 7, 2020

ZhaoQi99 closed this Feb 3, 2020

nbdd0121 pushed a commit to nbdd0121/linux that referenced this pull request May 26, 2022

Merge pull request torvalds#776 from nbdd0121/trunk

25767f7

Remove panicking stub for `__mulodi4`

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fix typo in filesystems/vfs.rst #776

fix typo in filesystems/vfs.rst #776

ZhaoQi99 commented Jan 7, 2020 •

edited

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KernelPRBot commented Jan 7, 2020

ammarfaizi2 commented Feb 3, 2020

ZhaoQi99 commented Feb 3, 2020

fix typo in filesystems/vfs.rst #776

fix typo in filesystems/vfs.rst #776

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ZhaoQi99 commented Jan 7, 2020 • edited Loading

KernelPRBot commented Jan 7, 2020

How do I format my contribution?

Where do I send my contribution?

How do I send my contribution?

How do I get help if I'm stuck?

I sent my patch - now what?

Further information

ammarfaizi2 commented Feb 3, 2020

ZhaoQi99 commented Feb 3, 2020

ZhaoQi99 commented Jan 7, 2020 •

edited

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