Add cosine_distance for sparse vectors

[mosabua]

Description

Still have to test this locally...

Additional context and related issues

follow up to #24005

Release notes

(*) Release notes are required, with the following suggested text:

## General 

* Add the {func}`cosine_distance` function for sparse vectors. ({issue}`tbd`)

[mosabua]

This fails but have not looked into it

[mosabua]

The failure was an NPE due to invalid input parameters in my opinion.. so I deleted that assertion.

[martint]

Was the actual error an uncaught NPE? That would be a bug. A functions should throw a TrinoException with an INVALID_ARGUMENT error code if the inputs are invalid.

In that test case, there doesn't seem to be anything wrong with the input aside from the null value. The function should return NULL instead of failing.

[mosabua]

Hm ... I added this back in. Here is the stack trace. I wont be able to look at it for a bit but at a quick glance I suspect that the problem of the null return value we get here also applies to the original PR for sparse cosine similarity from @dain .. I could try to add tests for that as well and see if we get the same issue .. and then we probably have to change implementation to treat null properly

io.trino.testing.QueryFailedException: Cannot invoke "java.lang.Double.doubleValue()" because the return value of "io.trino.operator.scalar.MathFunctions.cosineSimilarity(io.trino.type.BlockTypeOperators$BlockPositionIsIdentical, io.trino.type.BlockTypeOperators$BlockPositionHashCode, io.trino.spi.block.SqlMap, io.trino.spi.block.SqlMap)" is null

	at io.trino.testing.TestingDirectTrinoClient.toMaterializedRows(TestingDirectTrinoClient.java:80)
	at io.trino.testing.TestingDirectTrinoClient.lambda$execute$0(TestingDirectTrinoClient.java:67)
	at io.trino.testing.StandaloneQueryRunner.executeWithPlan(StandaloneQueryRunner.java:115)
	at io.trino.sql.query.QueryAssertions$ExpressionAssertProvider.run(QueryAssertions.java:873)
	at io.trino.sql.query.QueryAssertions$ExpressionAssertProvider.evaluate(QueryAssertions.java:838)
	at io.trino.sql.query.QueryAssertions$ExpressionAssertProvider.assertThat(QueryAssertions.java:880)
	at io.trino.sql.query.QueryAssertions$ExpressionAssertProvider.assertThat(QueryAssertions.java:793)
	at org.assertj.core.api.AssertionsForInterfaceTypes.assertThat(AssertionsForInterfaceTypes.java:82)
	at org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat(Assertions.java:3409)
	at io.trino.operator.scalar.TestMathFunctions.testCosineDistance(TestMathFunctions.java:3475)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec$$$capture(ForkJoinTask.java:507)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.topLevelExec(ForkJoinPool.java:1458)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:2034)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:189)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "java.lang.Double.doubleValue()" because the return value of "io.trino.operator.scalar.MathFunctions.cosineSimilarity(io.trino.type.BlockTypeOperators$BlockPositionIsIdentical, io.trino.type.BlockTypeOperators$BlockPositionHashCode, io.trino.spi.block.SqlMap, io.trino.spi.block.SqlMap)" is null
	at io.trino.operator.scalar.MathFunctions.cosineDistance(MathFunctions.java:1422)
	at io.trino.$gen.PageProjectionWork_20250129_195047_37.evaluate(Unknown Source)
	at io.trino.$gen.PageProjectionWork_20250129_195047_37.process(Unknown Source)
	at io.trino.operator.project.PageProcessor$ProjectSelectedPositions.processBatch(PageProcessor.java:315)
	at io.trino.operator.project.PageProcessor$ProjectSelectedPositions.process(PageProcessor.java:199)
	at io.trino.operator.WorkProcessorUtils$ProcessWorkProcessor.process(WorkProcessorUtils.java:423)
	at io.trino.operator.WorkProcessorUtils.lambda$flatten$6(WorkProcessorUtils.java:317)
	at io.trino.operator.WorkProcessorUtils$3.process(WorkProcessorUtils.java:359)
	at io.trino.operator.WorkProcessorUtils$ProcessWorkProcessor.process(WorkProcessorUtils.java:423)
	at io.trino.operator.WorkProcessorUtils$3.process(WorkProcessorUtils.java:346)
	at io.trino.operator.WorkProcessorUtils$ProcessWorkProcessor.process(WorkProcessorUtils.java:423)
	at io.trino.operator.WorkProcessorUtils.getNextState(WorkProcessorUtils.java:261)
	at io.trino.operator.WorkProcessorUtils$BlockingProcess.process(WorkProcessorUtils.java:207)
	at io.trino.operator.WorkProcessorUtils$ProcessWorkProcessor.process(WorkProcessorUtils.java:423)
	at io.trino.operator.WorkProcessorOperatorAdapter.getOutput(WorkProcessorOperatorAdapter.java:150)
	at io.trino.operator.Driver.processInternal(Driver.java:403)
	at io.trino.operator.Driver.lambda$process$8(Driver.java:306)
	at io.trino.operator.Driver.tryWithLock(Driver.java:709)
	at io.trino.operator.Driver.process(Driver.java:298)
	at io.trino.operator.Driver.processForDuration(Driver.java:269)
	at io.trino.execution.SqlTaskExecution$DriverSplitRunner.processFor(SqlTaskExecution.java:890)
	at io.trino.execution.executor.dedicated.SplitProcessor.run(SplitProcessor.java:77)
	at io.trino.execution.executor.dedicated.TaskEntry$VersionEmbedderBridge.lambda$run$0(TaskEntry.java:201)
	at io.trino.$gen.Trino_testversion____20250129_195040_1.run(Unknown Source)
	at io.trino.execution.executor.dedicated.TaskEntry$VersionEmbedderBridge.run(TaskEntry.java:202)
	at io.trino.execution.executor.scheduler.FairScheduler.runTask(FairScheduler.java:177)
	at io.trino.execution.executor.scheduler.FairScheduler.lambda$submit$0(FairScheduler.java:164)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:572)
	at com.google.common.util.concurrent.TrustedListenableFutureTask$TrustedFutureInterruptibleTask.runInterruptibly(TrustedListenableFutureTask.java:131)
	at com.google.common.util.concurrent.InterruptibleTask.run(InterruptibleTask.java:75)
	at com.google.common.util.concurrent.TrustedListenableFutureTask.run(TrustedListenableFutureTask.java:82)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1144)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:642)
	at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1575)

[github-actions]

This pull request has gone a while without any activity. Tagging for triage help: @mosabua

[mosabua]

I need to look at the test that failed and chat some more with @martint afterwards. I will keep it open and update after Trino Summit.

[github-actions]

This pull request has gone a while without any activity. Tagging for triage help: @mosabua

[mosabua]

I need to look at the test that failed and chat some more with @martint afterwards. I will keep it open and update after Trino Summit.

@martint and @dain .. I think this is ready now