ICU-22435 Add C API for Locale #412

Job	Run time
clang-valgrind-test	14m 6s
clang-valgrind-intltest (utility)	9m 2s
clang-valgrind-intltest (normalize)	10m 34s
clang-valgrind-intltest (collator)	9m 55s
clang-valgrind-intltest (regex)	6m 10s
clang-valgrind-intltest (format)	25m 21s
clang-valgrind-intltest (translit)	7m 14s
clang-valgrind-intltest (rbbi)	8m 56s
clang-valgrind-intltest (rbnf)	8m 14s
clang-valgrind-intltest (rbnfrt)	10m 21s
clang-valgrind-intltest (icuserv)	6m 45s
clang-valgrind-intltest (idna)	7m 53s
clang-valgrind-intltest (convert)	12m 18s
clang-valgrind-intltest (rbnfp)	7m 29s
clang-valgrind-intltest (csdet)	6m 6s
clang-valgrind-intltest (spoof)	6m 14s
clang-valgrind-intltest (bidi)	6m 41s
	2h 43m 19s

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