Vinego

Vinego is a new set of linters built on the Go analysis.Analyzer framework. Many of the linters focus on increasing strictness around variable initialization and type safety. They fall somewhere in-between "drop these into your codebase with no changes" and "rewrite all your code to conform to weird new language-extra conventions" in terms of invasiveness.

The linters are built as a single .so with control over individual checks via a .vinego.yaml file. Methods for using this with golangci-lint are provided, but you can use them with other frameworks as well.

Analyzers

• allfields

  Confirms that all required fields are explicitly initialized in struct literals.

  Add a comment before a struct type like:

  // check:allfields
  type MyStruct {
    X int
    Y string
    Z bool `optional:""`
  }
  

  Then, if you do (for instance):

  m := MyStruct{X: 4}
  

  you'll get an error that Y is missing.

• varinit

  Enabled with enable_varinit: true in .vinego.yaml.

  Checks that all variables have been explicitly initialized (with a value) before usage.

  For example:

  var i int
  if something {
     i = 4
  } else {
     doOtherThings()
  }
  myFunc(i)

  would produce an error saying that i hasn't been initialized in the else branch.

  Taking the address of a variable is considered initialization (ex: in doing json.Unmarshal(bytes, &config) config would be marked as initialized).

• explicitcast

  Enabled with enable_explicitcast: true in .vinego.yaml.

  Checks that primitive literals are never implicitly casted (during assignments, function calls, and returns).

  For example:

  var x time.Duration
  x = 24

  would produce an error saying that 24 is being implicitly cast to time.Duration.

• loopvariableref

  Enabled with enable_loopvariableref: true in .vinego.yaml.

  Checks that loop variables are not used outside of a single iteration, either via reference/pointer or function capture.

  For example:

  for _, x := range myList {
     go func() {
        print(x)
     }
  }

  would produce an error saying that the capture of x here is risky.

  The simple work around is to explicitly declare a local variable like:

  for _, x := range myList {
     x := x
     go func() {
        print(x)
     }
  }

  to make sure the captured data is unique.

  This will be obsolete after Go 1.22.

• capturederr

  Enabled with enable_capturederr: true in .vinego.yaml.

  The staticcheck linter SA4006 check which makes sure we properly consume error variables ignores anything that happens with captured variables. Therefore if you accidentally capture err from an outer function, assign it a value, then never check it, SA4006 won't help you. Go's behavior using variable reuse/reinitialization with = and := makes it easy to transplant code and accidentally reuse an existing variable, which makes it easy to accidentally capture external variables in closures.

  capturederror will give you an error when an error variable is captured by a closure (specifically error variables). As with the other linters here, capturing an error variable isn't necessarily incorrect, but it's generally unintended and when done unintentionally can lead to hard to track incorrect failure behavior.

  Example usage:

  err := something()
  if err != nil {
     return err
  }
  wrapper(func() error {
     err = otherthing()
  })
  ...

  would produce an error saying that we're assgning to the captured variable err. (The workaround is to do err := otherthing(), which would make this error disappear and the SA4006 one appear in its place, as intended.)

Usage

1. We provide a pre-made Docker batteries-included image for CI and development environments: ghcr.io/upsun/vinego:latest

   It includes

   • Go
   • Vinego
   • golangci-lint
   • gci
   • goimports
   • dlv
   • staticcheck

   (Distributed this way because golangci-lint needs linters to be built with the same dependency versions and the easiest way to guarantee that is to build them together)

   You can build the Docker container yourself with docker build --tag vinego src at the root of this repo.

   Alternatively, you can build just the plugin .so - see the Dockerfile for details (it's a straightforward Go .so build).

2. Add custom linter plugin to your project's .golangci.yaml file:

   linters:
      enable:
         - vinego
   
   linters-settings:
      custom:
         vinego:
            path: "/custom_linters/vinego.so"
            description: "Vinego linters"
   

3. For optional linters, enable them in a .vinego.yaml in the same directory as .golangci.json. For details see the per-linter explanations above.

4. Run the linters with docker run --rm --volume $PWD:/mnt --workdir /mnt vinego /bin/golangci-lint run --verbose. You should see vinego listed in the output.