net: open p2p connections to nodes that listen on non-default ports

By default, for mainnet, the p2p listening port is 8333. Bitcoin Core
has a strong preference for only connecting to nodes that listen on that
port.

Remove that preference because connections over clearnet that involve
port 8333 make it easy to detect, analyze, block or divert Bitcoin p2p
traffic before the connection is even established (at TCP SYN time).

For further justification see the OP of:
bitcoin#23306

doc/README.md

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ The Bitcoin repo's [root README](/README.md) contains relevant information on th
 - [Init Scripts (systemd/upstart/openrc)](init.md)
 - [Managing Wallets](managing-wallets.md)
 - [Multisig Tutorial](multisig-tutorial.md)
+- [P2P bad ports definition and list](p2p-bad-ports.md)
 - [PSBT support](psbt.md)
 - [Reduce Memory](reduce-memory.md)
 - [Reduce Traffic](reduce-traffic.md)

doc/p2p-bad-ports.md

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+When Bitcoin Core automatically opens outgoing P2P connections it chooses
+a peer (address and port) from its list of potential peers. This list is
+populated with unchecked data, gossiped over the P2P network by other peers.
+
+A malicious actor may gossip an address:port where no Bitcoin node is listening,
+or one where a service is listening that is not related to the Bitcoin network.
+As a result, this service may occasionally get connection attempts from Bitcoin
+nodes.
+
+"Bad" ports are ones used by services which are usually not open to the public
+and usually require authentication. A connection attempt (by Bitcoin Core,
+trying to connect because it thinks there is a Bitcoin node on that
+address:port) to such service may be considered a malicious action by an
+ultra-paranoid administrator. An example for such a port is 22 (ssh). On the
+other hand, connection attempts to public services that usually do not require
+authentication are unlikely to be considered a malicious action,
+e.g. port 80 (http).
+
+Below is a list of "bad" ports which Bitcoin Core avoids when choosing a peer to
+connect to. If a node is listening on such a port, it will likely receive less
+incoming connections.
+
+    1:     tcpmux
+    7:     echo
+    9:     discard
+    11:    systat
+    13:    daytime
+    15:    netstat
+    17:    qotd
+    19:    chargen
+    20:    ftp data
+    21:    ftp access
+    22:    ssh
+    23:    telnet
+    25:    smtp
+    37:    time
+    42:    name
+    43:    nicname
+    53:    domain
+    69:    tftp
+    77:    priv-rjs
+    79:    finger
+    87:    ttylink
+    95:    supdup
+    101:   hostname
+    102:   iso-tsap
+    103:   gppitnp
+    104:   acr-nema
+    109:   pop2
+    110:   pop3
+    111:   sunrpc
+    113:   auth
+    115:   sftp
+    117:   uucp-path
+    119:   nntp
+    123:   NTP
+    135:   loc-srv /epmap
+    137:   netbios
+    139:   netbios
+    143:   imap2
+    161:   snmp
+    179:   BGP
+    389:   ldap
+    427:   SLP (Also used by Apple Filing Protocol)
+    465:   smtp+ssl
+    512:   print / exec
+    513:   login
+    514:   shell
+    515:   printer
+    526:   tempo
+    530:   courier
+    531:   chat
+    532:   netnews
+    540:   uucp
+    548:   AFP (Apple Filing Protocol)
+    554:   rtsp
+    556:   remotefs
+    563:   nntp+ssl
+    587:   smtp (rfc6409)
+    601:   syslog-conn (rfc3195)
+    636:   ldap+ssl
+    989:   ftps-data
+    990:   ftps
+    993:   ldap+ssl
+    995:   pop3+ssl
+    1719:  h323gatestat
+    1720:  h323hostcall
+    1723:  pptp
+    2049:  nfs
+    3659:  apple-sasl / PasswordServer
+    4045:  lockd
+    5060:  sip
+    5061:  sips
+    6000:  X11
+    6566:  sane-port
+    6665:  Alternate IRC
+    6666:  Alternate IRC
+    6667:  Standard IRC
+    6668:  Alternate IRC
+    6669:  Alternate IRC
+    6697:  IRC + TLS
+    10080: Amanda
+
+For further information see:
+
+[pull/23306](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/23306#issuecomment-947516736)
+
+[pull/23542](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/23542)
+
+[fetch.spec.whatwg.org](https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#port-blocking)
+
+[chromium.googlesource.com](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git/+/refs/heads/main/net/base/port_util.cc)
+
+[hg.mozilla.org](https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/file/tip/netwerk/base/nsIOService.cpp)

src/init.cpp

@@ -466,6 +466,8 @@ void SetupServerArgs(ArgsManager& argsman)
     argsman.AddArg("-peerbloomfilters", strprintf("Support filtering of blocks and transaction with bloom filters (default: %u)", DEFAULT_PEERBLOOMFILTERS), ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-peerblockfilters", strprintf("Serve compact block filters to peers per BIP 157 (default: %u)", DEFAULT_PEERBLOCKFILTERS), ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-permitbaremultisig", strprintf("Relay non-P2SH multisig (default: %u)", DEFAULT_PERMIT_BAREMULTISIG), ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
+    // TODO: remove the sentence "Nodes not using ... incoming connections." once the changes from
+    // https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/23542 have become widespread.
     argsman.AddArg("-port=<port>", strprintf("Listen for connections on <port>. Nodes not using the default ports (default: %u, testnet: %u, signet: %u, regtest: %u) are unlikely to get incoming connections. Not relevant for I2P (see doc/i2p.md).", defaultChainParams->GetDefaultPort(), testnetChainParams->GetDefaultPort(), signetChainParams->GetDefaultPort(), regtestChainParams->GetDefaultPort()), ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-proxy=<ip:port>", "Connect through SOCKS5 proxy, set -noproxy to disable (default: disabled)", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
     argsman.AddArg("-proxyrandomize", strprintf("Randomize credentials for every proxy connection. This enables Tor stream isolation (default: %u)", DEFAULT_PROXYRANDOMIZE), ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::CONNECTION);
@@ -1698,12 +1700,19 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node, interfaces::BlockAndHeaderTipInfo* tip_info)
     connOptions.nMaxOutboundLimit = *opt_max_upload;
     connOptions.m_peer_connect_timeout = peer_connect_timeout;
 
+    const auto bad_port_warning = _("Request to listen on port %u. This port is considered \"bad\" "
+                                    "and thus it is unlikely that any Bitcoin Core peers connect "
+                                    "to it. See doc/p2p-bad-ports.md for details and a full list.");
+
     for (const std::string& bind_arg : args.GetArgs("-bind")) {
         CService bind_addr;
         const size_t index = bind_arg.rfind('=');
         if (index == std::string::npos) {
             if (Lookup(bind_arg, bind_addr, GetListenPort(), false)) {
                 connOptions.vBinds.push_back(bind_addr);
+                if (IsBadPort(bind_addr.GetPort())) {
+                    InitWarning(strprintf(bad_port_warning, bind_addr.GetPort()));
+                }
                 continue;
             }
         } else {
@@ -1730,6 +1739,15 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node, interfaces::BlockAndHeaderTipInfo* tip_info)
     // on any address - 0.0.0.0 (IPv4) and :: (IPv6).
     connOptions.bind_on_any = args.GetArgs("-bind").empty() && args.GetArgs("-whitebind").empty();
 
+    // Emit a warning if a bad port is given to -port= but only if -bind and -whitebind are not
+    // given, because if they are, then -port= is ignored.
+    if (connOptions.bind_on_any && args.IsArgSet("-port")) {
+        const uint16_t port_arg = args.GetIntArg("-port", 0);
+        if (IsBadPort(port_arg)) {
+            InitWarning(strprintf(bad_port_warning, port_arg));
+        }
+    }
+
     CService onion_service_target;
     if (!connOptions.onion_binds.empty()) {
         onion_service_target = connOptions.onion_binds.front();

src/net.cpp

@@ -2120,12 +2120,8 @@ void CConnman::ThreadOpenConnections(const std::vector<std::string> connect)
                 continue;
             }
 
-            // Do not allow non-default ports, unless after 50 invalid
-            // addresses selected already. This is to prevent malicious peers
-            // from advertising themselves as a service on another host and
-            // port, causing a DoS attack as nodes around the network attempt
-            // to connect to it fruitlessly.
-            if (addr.GetPort() != Params().GetDefaultPort(addr.GetNetwork()) && nTries < 50) {
+            // Do not connect to bad ports, unless 50 invalid addresses have been selected already.
+            if (nTries < 50 && (addr.IsIPv4() || addr.IsIPv6()) && IsBadPort(addr.GetPort())) {
                 continue;
             }
 

src/netbase.cpp

@@ -749,3 +749,93 @@ void InterruptSocks5(bool interrupt)
 {
     interruptSocks5Recv = interrupt;
 }
+
+bool IsBadPort(uint16_t port)
+{
+    /* Don't forget to update doc/p2p-bad-ports.md if you change this list. */
+
+    switch (port) {
+    case 1:     // tcpmux
+    case 7:     // echo
+    case 9:     // discard
+    case 11:    // systat
+    case 13:    // daytime
+    case 15:    // netstat
+    case 17:    // qotd
+    case 19:    // chargen
+    case 20:    // ftp data
+    case 21:    // ftp access
+    case 22:    // ssh
+    case 23:    // telnet
+    case 25:    // smtp
+    case 37:    // time
+    case 42:    // name
+    case 43:    // nicname
+    case 53:    // domain
+    case 69:    // tftp
+    case 77:    // priv-rjs
+    case 79:    // finger
+    case 87:    // ttylink
+    case 95:    // supdup
+    case 101:   // hostname
+    case 102:   // iso-tsap
+    case 103:   // gppitnp
+    case 104:   // acr-nema
+    case 109:   // pop2
+    case 110:   // pop3
+    case 111:   // sunrpc
+    case 113:   // auth
+    case 115:   // sftp
+    case 117:   // uucp-path
+    case 119:   // nntp
+    case 123:   // NTP
+    case 135:   // loc-srv /epmap
+    case 137:   // netbios
+    case 139:   // netbios
+    case 143:   // imap2
+    case 161:   // snmp
+    case 179:   // BGP
+    case 389:   // ldap
+    case 427:   // SLP (Also used by Apple Filing Protocol)
+    case 465:   // smtp+ssl
+    case 512:   // print / exec
+    case 513:   // login
+    case 514:   // shell
+    case 515:   // printer
+    case 526:   // tempo
+    case 530:   // courier
+    case 531:   // chat
+    case 532:   // netnews
+    case 540:   // uucp
+    case 548:   // AFP (Apple Filing Protocol)
+    case 554:   // rtsp
+    case 556:   // remotefs
+    case 563:   // nntp+ssl
+    case 587:   // smtp (rfc6409)
+    case 601:   // syslog-conn (rfc3195)
+    case 636:   // ldap+ssl
+    case 989:   // ftps-data
+    case 990:   // ftps
+    case 993:   // ldap+ssl
+    case 995:   // pop3+ssl
+    case 1719:  // h323gatestat
+    case 1720:  // h323hostcall
+    case 1723:  // pptp
+    case 2049:  // nfs
+    case 3659:  // apple-sasl / PasswordServer
+    case 4045:  // lockd
+    case 5060:  // sip
+    case 5061:  // sips
+    case 6000:  // X11
+    case 6566:  // sane-port
+    case 6665:  // Alternate IRC
+    case 6666:  // Alternate IRC
+    case 6667:  // Standard IRC
+    case 6668:  // Alternate IRC
+    case 6669:  // Alternate IRC
+    case 6697:  // IRC + TLS
+    case 10080: // Amanda
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}

src/netbase.h

@@ -247,4 +247,13 @@ void InterruptSocks5(bool interrupt);
  */
 bool Socks5(const std::string& strDest, uint16_t port, const ProxyCredentials* auth, const Sock& socket);
 
+/**
+ * Determine if a port is "bad" from the perspective of attempting to connect
+ * to a node on that port.
+ * @see doc/p2p-bad-ports.md
+ * @param[in] port Port to check.
+ * @returns whether the port is bad
+ */
+bool IsBadPort(uint16_t port);
+
 #endif // BITCOIN_NETBASE_H

src/test/netbase_tests.cpp

@@ -576,4 +576,24 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(caddress_unserialize_v2)
     BOOST_CHECK(fixture_addresses == addresses_unserialized);
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(isbadport)
+{
+    BOOST_CHECK(IsBadPort(1));
+    BOOST_CHECK(IsBadPort(22));
+    BOOST_CHECK(IsBadPort(6000));
+
+    BOOST_CHECK(!IsBadPort(80));
+    BOOST_CHECK(!IsBadPort(443));
+    BOOST_CHECK(!IsBadPort(8333));
+
+    // Check all ports, there must be 80 bad ports in total.
+    size_t total_bad_ports{0};
+    for (uint16_t port = std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max(); port > 0; --port) {
+        if (IsBadPort(port)) {
+            ++total_bad_ports;
+        }
+    }
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(total_bad_ports, 80);
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()