builtin: panic on trying to grow arrays with capacity bigger than 2^31, instead of overflowing a.cap (partial fix for #21918)

[spytheman]

This PR limits dynamic array capacity growth to max_int , and makes sure that a panic happens if that needs to be exceeded, instead of silently overflowing the .cap field (thus breaking the invariant about .len <= .cap).

It is a temporary workaround for #21918 , providing a better experience (allows for growing/processing till the actual limit, and a panic with a stacktrace, when the limit is reached, for improved debugging), until V transitions to using 64 bit numbers for the .len and .cap array fields.

[spytheman]

The performance impact for the V compiler is ~0.9%-1.6% slowdown, when tcc is used :-| .
With -prod -cc clang-18, there is no performance impact.

I still think, that the more extensive checks are worth it, since with them, V developers will diagnose problems earlier, with clearer diagnostic messages.

[medvednikov]

I'm making int 64 bit right now, fixing tests.