feat: arithmetic for new int types

[charles-cooper]

What I did

implement #2786, fixes #2840

How I did it

refactor arithmetic to be generic over numeric types

How to verify it

check arithmetic tests, they now test over all types and "interesting" values. also added more interesting decimal tests.

Commit message

Commit message for the final, squashed PR. (Optional, but reviewers will appreciate it! Please see our commit message style guide for what we would ideally like to see in a commit message.)

Description for the changelog

Cute Animal Picture

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 3 alerts when merging ea16bf0 into df2da62 - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 2 for Unreachable code
• 1 for Unused import

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 2 alerts when merging 8fef032 into df2da62 - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 2 for Unreachable code

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 2 alerts when merging 2324bcf into 3cbdf35 - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 2 for Unreachable code

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #2843 (719aac7) into master (a37bbbc) will increase coverage by 0.13%.
The diff coverage is 80.18%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2843      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   88.17%   88.30%   +0.13%     
==========================================
  Files          95       96       +1     
  Lines       10584    10611      +27     
  Branches     2534     2531       -3     
==========================================
+ Hits         9332     9370      +38     
+ Misses        792      787       -5     
+ Partials      460      454       -6     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
vyper/codegen/types/types.py	88.34% <75.00%> (ø)
vyper/codegen/arithmetic.py	75.30% <75.30%> (ø)
vyper/codegen/expr.py	83.72% <88.23%> (+4.29%)	⬆️
vyper/builtin_functions/convert.py	90.60% <100.00%> (ø)
vyper/codegen/core.py	84.58% <100.00%> (+0.38%)	⬆️
vyper/ir/optimizer.py	92.22% <100.00%> (+0.37%)	⬆️
vyper/utils.py	89.07% <100.00%> (+1.15%)	⬆️

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[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 2 alerts when merging 2d49d2f into 3cbdf35 - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 2 for Unreachable code

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 6 alerts when merging 379fac9 into 3cbdf35 - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 3 for Unused local variable
• 2 for Unreachable code
• 1 for Unused import

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 3 alerts when merging ac8454d into 3cbdf35 - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 2 for Unreachable code
• 1 for Unused import

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 3 alerts when merging a338657 into 31e2b4e - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 2 for Unreachable code
• 1 for Unused import

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 2 alerts when merging 4d32b08 into 18b9083 - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 2 for Unreachable code

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 2 alerts when merging ef11232 into 18b9083 - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 2 for Unreachable code

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 3 alerts when merging c29128f into 18b9083 - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 2 for Unreachable code
• 1 for Redundant assignment

[skellet0r]

😅

[charles-cooper]

it's a bit odd, tox reports that no tests were collected for group 45, but when i run that group directly via pytest, it runs 316 tests.