fix[lang]: use folded node for typechecking

[tserg]

What I did

Fix #4190, #4360.

How I did it

Use the reduced node for typechecking.

How to verify it

See added tests

Commit message

This commit addresses several issues in the frontend where valid code
fails to compile because typechecking was performed on non-literal
AST nodes, specifically in `slice()` and `raw_log()` builtins. This is
fixed by using the folded node for typechecking instead.

Additionally, folding is applied for the argument to `convert()`, which
results in the typechecker being able to reject more invalid programs.

Description for the changelog

Fix compilation for valid syntax with foldable values

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 88.81%. Comparing base (f38b61a) to head (7f86961).
Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #4365      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.99%   88.81%   -2.18%     
==========================================
  Files         112      112              
  Lines       16017    16018       +1     
  Branches     2696     2696              
==========================================
- Hits        14574    14226     -348     
- Misses       1005     1281     +276     
- Partials      438      511      +73     

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[charles-cooper]

add another test for conversion of invalid bytestrings

[charles-cooper]

lgtm. @cyberthirst is there anything you want to see here?