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contextual role concept proposal #484

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Expand Up @@ -210,6 +210,71 @@ <h3>Exposing HTML Features That Do Not Directly Map to Accessibility APIs</h3>
<abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr> properties</a> in the [[core-aam-1.2]].
</p>
</section>
<section id="mapping_contextual">
<h3>Exposing HTML Features With Contextual Roles</h3>
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This heading may not accurately capture the intent of the section; particularly, the words "HTML Features" used to describe contextual roles and how they're treated. I don't know the best way to describe the new section but if you agree, some alternatives for your consideration: Contextual Roles, Treatment of Contextual Roles, Understanding Contextual Roles, Understanding Contextual Roles and Accessibility Ancestry

<p>
An element with a <STRONG>contextual role</STRONG> is one whose implicit WAI-ARIA role semantics are based on its ancestral <a>accessibility tree</a> relationship to
another element or elements. Or, an element whose computed role is reliant on whether the element has been provided an accessible name.
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</p>
<p>
For instance, an element that is an <STRONG>accessibility child</STRONG> of its required <STRONG>accessibility parent</STRONG> would expose a computed role that was
appropriate for its related context. Where the same element with a contextual role might be used within another markup pattern and have a different accessibility parent,
and would therefore expose a computed role appropriate for that context.
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@cookiecrook cookiecrook May 17, 2023 •
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Word-smithing plus a few simple inline examples.

Suggested change
For instance, an element that is an <STRONG>accessibility child</STRONG> of its required <STRONG>accessibility parent</STRONG> would expose a computed role that was
appropriate for its related context. Where the same element with a contextual role might be used within another markup pattern and have a different accessibility parent,
and would therefore expose a computed role appropriate for that context.
For instance, an element that is an <STRONG>accessibility child</STRONG> of its required <STRONG>accessibility parent</STRONG> would expose a computed role for its given context, such as a list item (<code>li</code>) within an unordered list (<code>ul</code>). However, the same element might be used within a different markup pattern and could therefore expose different contextually-dependent computed roles, such as a labeled <code>section</code> element (role <code>region</code>) versus an unlabeled <code>section</code> element (role <code>generic</code>).

Can we think of a specific example that works for both? If so that'd be better than the sectioning content examples, which are less easy to understand and care about than a simple list.

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@cookiecrook I like these suggestions so i'm going to largely pull them in - but I'm going to be changing the use of "accessible label" back to "name".

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@cookiecrook re: other examples.

What do you think about mentioning tbody here, per the whole rowgroup conversation? That'd be an example of a contextual role where it can be ignored until it is given a name or focusable.

Another example we could use in lieu of / in combination with the list item example is the summary of a details, where only under specific conditions is the summary an html-summary, and otherwise it would need to be a role=generic

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🤷 I could go either way. I don't think most authors give much thought to <tbody> etc, so I'm not sure it'd be super helpful as an example, but I also don't think it'd be harmful.

</p>
<p>
When the conditions for an element's contextual role are not met, it will commonly expose a computed role of `generic` or with a <STRONG>minimum role</STRONG>, if applicable.
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</p>
<div class="note">
<p>Previously, the concept of a contextual role was loosely referred to as an element's "scoped" relationship to another element.</p>
</div>
<div class="example">
<p>
A <code>li</code> element has an implicit WAI-ARIA role mapping of <code>listitem</code> only when the element is an <STRONG>accessibility child</STRONG> of a
<code>menu</code>, <code>ol</code> or <code>ul</code> element that has not had its `list` role mapping suppressed.
</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ul>
&lt;li>...&lt;/li> &lt;!-- role=listitem -->
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&lt;/ul>
&lt;article>
...
&lt;li>...&lt;/li> &lt;!-- not role=listitem -->
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...</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="example">
<p>
An <code>aside</code> element has an implicit WAI-ARIA role mapping of <code>complementary</code> only when the element is an <STRONG>accessibility child</STRONG> of
the <code>body</code> or <code>main</code> elements, or if the <code>aside</code> has been provided an accessible name.
</p>
<pre><code>&lt;body>
...
&lt;main>
...
&lt;article>
&lt;aside>...&lt;/aside> &lt;!-- not role=complementary -->
...
&lt;aside aria-label=named>...&lt;/aside> &lt;!-- role=complementary -->
&lt;/article>
...
&lt;aside>...&lt;/aside> &lt;!-- role=complementary -->
&lt;/main>
&lt;aside>...&lt;/aside> &lt;!-- role=complementary -->
...
&lt;footer>
...
&lt;aside>...&lt;/aside> &lt;!-- not role=complementary -->
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&lt;/footer></code></pre>
</div>

<div class="example">
<p>A <code>section</code> element has an implicit WAI-ARIA role mapping of <code>region</code> only when the element is provided an <STRONG>accessible name</STRONG>.</p>

<pre><code>&lt;section title="accessible name">...&lt;/section> &lt;!-- role=region -->
...
&lt;section aria-label="accessible name">...&lt;/section> &lt;!-- role=region -->
...
&lt;section>...&lt;/section> &lt;!-- not role=region --></code></pre>
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</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>HTML Element Role Mappings</h3>
<ul>
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