[SPARK-42798][BUILD] Upgrade protobuf-java to 3.22.3

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This pr aims upgrade protobuf-java from 3.22.0 to 3.22.3.

### Why are the changes needed?
The new version fixed the issue of `NoSuchMethodError` thrown when using Java 8 to run proto compiled with Java 9+ (even if --target 1.8):

- protocolbuffers/protobuf#11393 / protocolbuffers/protobuf#12035

The full release notes as follows:

- https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v22.1
- https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v22.2
- https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v22.3
- protocolbuffers/protobuf@v3.22.0...v3.22.3

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
No

### How was this patch tested?
Pass GitHub Actions

Closes apache#40430 from LuciferYang/SPARK-42798.

Lead-authored-by: YangJie <yangjie01@baidu.com>
Co-authored-by: yangjie01 <yangjie01@baidu.com>
Signed-off-by: Sean Owen <srowen@gmail.com>

pom.xml

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
     <protobuf.hadoopDependency.version>2.5.0</protobuf.hadoopDependency.version>
     <!-- Actual Protobuf version in Spark modules like Spark Connect, protobuf connector, etc. -->
     <!-- SPARK-41247: When updating `protobuf.version`, also need to update `protoVersion` in `SparkBuild.scala` -->
-    <protobuf.version>3.22.0</protobuf.version>
+    <protobuf.version>3.22.3</protobuf.version>
     <protoc-jar-maven-plugin.version>3.11.4</protoc-jar-maven-plugin.version>
     <yarn.version>${hadoop.version}</yarn.version>
     <zookeeper.version>3.6.3</zookeeper.version>

project/SparkBuild.scala

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ object BuildCommons {
 
   // Google Protobuf version used for generating the protobuf.
   // SPARK-41247: needs to be consistent with `protobuf.version` in `pom.xml`.
-  val protoVersion = "3.22.0"
+  val protoVersion = "3.22.3"
   // GRPC version used for Spark Connect.
   val gprcVersion = "1.47.0"
 }