[SPARK-48395][PYTHON] Fix StructType.treeString for parameterized t…

…ypes

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
this PR is a follow up of #46685.

### Why are the changes needed?
`StructType.treeString` uses `DataType.typeName` to generate the tree string, however, the `typeName` in python is a class method and can not return the same string for parameterized types.

```
In [2]: schema = StructType().add("c", CharType(10), True).add("v", VarcharType(10), True).add("d", DecimalType(10, 2), True).add("ym00", YearM
   ...: onthIntervalType(0, 0)).add("ym01", YearMonthIntervalType(0, 1)).add("ym11", YearMonthIntervalType(1, 1))

In [3]: print(schema.treeString())
root
 |-- c: char (nullable = true)
 |-- v: varchar (nullable = true)
 |-- d: decimal (nullable = true)
 |-- ym00: yearmonthinterval (nullable = true)
 |-- ym01: yearmonthinterval (nullable = true)
 |-- ym11: yearmonthinterval (nullable = true)
```

it should be
```
In [4]: print(schema.treeString())
root
 |-- c: char(10) (nullable = true)
 |-- v: varchar(10) (nullable = true)
 |-- d: decimal(10,2) (nullable = true)
 |-- ym00: interval year (nullable = true)
 |-- ym01: interval year to month (nullable = true)
 |-- ym11: interval month (nullable = true)
```

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
no, this feature was just added and not release out yet.

### How was this patch tested?
added tests

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?
no

Closes #46711 from zhengruifeng/tree_string_fix.

Authored-by: Ruifeng Zheng <ruifengz@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: Ruifeng Zheng <ruifengz@apache.org>

python/pyspark/sql/tests/test_types.py

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
     FloatType,
     DateType,
     TimestampType,
+    TimestampNTZType,
     DayTimeIntervalType,
     YearMonthIntervalType,
     CalendarIntervalType,
@@ -1411,6 +1412,72 @@ def test_tree_string(self):
             ],
         )
 
+    def test_tree_string_for_builtin_types(self):
+        schema = (
+            StructType()
+            .add("n", NullType())
+            .add("str", StringType())
+            .add("c", CharType(10))
+            .add("v", VarcharType(10))
+            .add("bin", BinaryType())
+            .add("bool", BooleanType())
+            .add("date", DateType())
+            .add("ts", TimestampType())
+            .add("ts_ntz", TimestampNTZType())
+            .add("dec", DecimalType(10, 2))
+            .add("double", DoubleType())
+            .add("float", FloatType())
+            .add("long", LongType())
+            .add("int", IntegerType())
+            .add("short", ShortType())
+            .add("byte", ByteType())
+            .add("ym_interval_1", YearMonthIntervalType())
+            .add("ym_interval_2", YearMonthIntervalType(YearMonthIntervalType.YEAR))
+            .add(
+                "ym_interval_3",
+                YearMonthIntervalType(YearMonthIntervalType.YEAR, YearMonthIntervalType.MONTH),
+            )
+            .add("dt_interval_1", DayTimeIntervalType())
+            .add("dt_interval_2", DayTimeIntervalType(DayTimeIntervalType.DAY))
+            .add(
+                "dt_interval_3",
+                DayTimeIntervalType(DayTimeIntervalType.HOUR, DayTimeIntervalType.SECOND),
+            )
+            .add("cal_interval", CalendarIntervalType())
+            .add("var", VariantType())
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            schema.treeString().split("\n"),
+            [
+                "root",
+                " |-- n: void (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- str: string (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- c: char(10) (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- v: varchar(10) (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- bin: binary (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- bool: boolean (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- date: date (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- ts: timestamp (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- ts_ntz: timestamp_ntz (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- dec: decimal(10,2) (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- double: double (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- float: float (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- long: long (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- int: integer (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- short: short (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- byte: byte (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- ym_interval_1: interval year to month (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- ym_interval_2: interval year (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- ym_interval_3: interval year to month (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- dt_interval_1: interval day to second (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- dt_interval_2: interval day (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- dt_interval_3: interval hour to second (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- cal_interval: interval (nullable = true)",
+                " |-- var: variant (nullable = true)",
+                "",
+            ],
+        )
+
     def test_metadata_null(self):
         schema = StructType(
             [

python/pyspark/sql/types.py

@@ -215,6 +215,24 @@ def _data_type_build_formatted_string(
         if isinstance(dataType, (ArrayType, StructType, MapType)):
             dataType._build_formatted_string(prefix, stringConcat, maxDepth - 1)
 
+    # The method typeName() is not always the same as the Scala side.
+    # Add this helper method to make TreeString() compatible with Scala side.
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_jvm_type_name(cls, dataType: "DataType") -> str:
+        if isinstance(
+            dataType,
+            (
+                DecimalType,
+                CharType,
+                VarcharType,
+                DayTimeIntervalType,
+                YearMonthIntervalType,
+            ),
+        ):
+            return dataType.simpleString()
+        else:
+            return dataType.typeName()
+
 
 # This singleton pattern does not work with pickle, you will get
 # another object after pickle and unpickle
@@ -758,7 +776,7 @@ def _build_formatted_string(
     ) -> None:
         if maxDepth > 0:
             stringConcat.append(
-                f"{prefix}-- element: {self.elementType.typeName()} "
+                f"{prefix}-- element: {DataType._get_jvm_type_name(self.elementType)} "
                 + f"(containsNull = {str(self.containsNull).lower()})\n"
             )
             DataType._data_type_build_formatted_string(
@@ -906,12 +924,12 @@ def _build_formatted_string(
         maxDepth: int = JVM_INT_MAX,
     ) -> None:
         if maxDepth > 0:
-            stringConcat.append(f"{prefix}-- key: {self.keyType.typeName()}\n")
+            stringConcat.append(f"{prefix}-- key: {DataType._get_jvm_type_name(self.keyType)}\n")
             DataType._data_type_build_formatted_string(
                 self.keyType, f"{prefix}    |", stringConcat, maxDepth
             )
             stringConcat.append(
-                f"{prefix}-- value: {self.valueType.typeName()} "
+                f"{prefix}-- value: {DataType._get_jvm_type_name(self.valueType)} "
                 + f"(valueContainsNull = {str(self.valueContainsNull).lower()})\n"
             )
             DataType._data_type_build_formatted_string(
@@ -1074,7 +1092,8 @@ def _build_formatted_string(
     ) -> None:
         if maxDepth > 0:
             stringConcat.append(
-                f"{prefix}-- {escape_meta_characters(self.name)}: {self.dataType.typeName()} "
+                f"{prefix}-- {escape_meta_characters(self.name)}: "
+                + f"{DataType._get_jvm_type_name(self.dataType)} "
                 + f"(nullable = {str(self.nullable).lower()})\n"
             )
             DataType._data_type_build_formatted_string(