[SPARK-48395][PYTHON] Fix StructType.treeString for parameterized types

[zhengruifeng]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

this PR is a follow up of #46685.

Why are the changes needed?

StructType.treeString uses DataType.typeName to generate the tree string, however, the typeName in python is a class method and can not return the same string for parameterized types.

In [2]: schema = StructType().add("c", CharType(10), True).add("v", VarcharType(10), True).add("d", DecimalType(10, 2), True).add("ym00", YearM
   ...: onthIntervalType(0, 0)).add("ym01", YearMonthIntervalType(0, 1)).add("ym11", YearMonthIntervalType(1, 1))

In [3]: print(schema.treeString())
root
 |-- c: char (nullable = true)
 |-- v: varchar (nullable = true)
 |-- d: decimal (nullable = true)
 |-- ym00: yearmonthinterval (nullable = true)
 |-- ym01: yearmonthinterval (nullable = true)
 |-- ym11: yearmonthinterval (nullable = true)

it should be

In [4]: print(schema.treeString())
root
 |-- c: char(10) (nullable = true)
 |-- v: varchar(10) (nullable = true)
 |-- d: decimal(10,2) (nullable = true)
 |-- ym00: interval year (nullable = true)
 |-- ym01: interval year to month (nullable = true)
 |-- ym11: interval month (nullable = true)

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

no, this feature was just added and not release out yet.

How was this patch tested?

added tests

Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

no

[zhengruifeng]

checked with scala side:

scala> val schema = new StructType().add("n", NullType).add("str", StringType).add("c", CharType(10)).add("v", VarcharType(10)).add("bin", BinaryType).add("bool", BooleanType).add("date", DateType).add("ts", TimestampType).add("ts_ntz", TimestampNTZType).add("dec", DecimalType(10, 2)).add("double", DoubleType).add("float", FloatType).add("long", LongType).add("int", IntegerType).add("short", ShortType).add("byte", ByteType).add("ym_interval_1", YearMonthIntervalType()).add("ym_interval_2", YearMonthIntervalType(YearMonthIntervalType.YEAR)).add("ym_interval_3",YearMonthIntervalType(YearMonthIntervalType.YEAR, YearMonthIntervalType.MONTH)).add("dt_interval_1", DayTimeIntervalType()).add("dt_interval_2", DayTimeIntervalType(DayTimeIntervalType.DAY)).add("dt_interval_3", DayTimeIntervalType(DayTimeIntervalType.HOUR, DayTimeIntervalType.SECOND)).add("cal_interval", CalendarIntervalType).add("var", VariantType)
val schema: org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructType = StructType(StructField(n,NullType,true),StructField(str,StringType,true),StructField(c,CharType(10),true),StructField(v,VarcharType(10),true),StructField(bin,BinaryType,true),StructField(bool,BooleanType,true),StructField(date,DateType,true),StructField(ts,TimestampType,true),StructField(ts_ntz,TimestampNTZType,true),StructField(dec,DecimalType(10,2),true),StructField(double,DoubleType,true),StructField(float,FloatType,true),StructField(long,LongType,true),StructField(int,IntegerType,true),StructField(short,ShortType,true),StructField(byte,ByteType,true),StructField(ym_interval_1,YearMonthIntervalType(0,1),true),StructField(ym_interval_2,YearMonthIntervalType(0,0),true),StructField(ym_interval_3,YearMonthInter...

scala> println(schema.treeString)
root
 |-- n: void (nullable = true)
 |-- str: string (nullable = true)
 |-- c: char(10) (nullable = true)
 |-- v: varchar(10) (nullable = true)
 |-- bin: binary (nullable = true)
 |-- bool: boolean (nullable = true)
 |-- date: date (nullable = true)
 |-- ts: timestamp (nullable = true)
 |-- ts_ntz: timestamp_ntz (nullable = true)
 |-- dec: decimal(10,2) (nullable = true)
 |-- double: double (nullable = true)
 |-- float: float (nullable = true)
 |-- long: long (nullable = true)
 |-- int: integer (nullable = true)
 |-- short: short (nullable = true)
 |-- byte: byte (nullable = true)
 |-- ym_interval_1: interval year to month (nullable = true)
 |-- ym_interval_2: interval year (nullable = true)
 |-- ym_interval_3: interval year to month (nullable = true)
 |-- dt_interval_1: interval day to second (nullable = true)
 |-- dt_interval_2: interval day (nullable = true)
 |-- dt_interval_3: interval hour to second (nullable = true)
 |-- cal_interval: interval (nullable = true)
 |-- var: variant (nullable = true)

[zhengruifeng]

merged to master