re-enable #[derive(TypeUuid)] for generics (#4118)

Support for deriving `TypeUuid` for types with generics was initially added in #2044 but later reverted #2204 because it lead to `MyStruct<A>` and `MyStruct<B>` having the same type uuid.

This PR fixes this by generating code like
```rust
#[derive(TypeUuid)]
#[uuid = "69b09733-a21a-4dab-a444-d472986bd672"]
struct Type<T>(T);

impl<T: TypeUuid> TypeUuid for Type<T> {
  const TYPE_UUID: TypeUuid = generate_compound_uuid(Uuid::from_bytes([/* 69b0 uuid */]), T::TYPE_UUID);
}
```

where `generate_compound_uuid` will XOR the non-metadata bits of the two UUIDs.

Co-authored-by: XBagon <xbagon@outlook.de>
Co-authored-by: Jakob Hellermann <hellermann@sipgate.de>

crates/bevy_reflect/bevy_reflect_derive/src/type_uuid.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
 extern crate proc_macro;
 
 use bevy_macro_utils::BevyManifest;
-use quote::{quote, ToTokens};
+use quote::quote;
 use syn::*;
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
 pub fn type_uuid_derive(input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
     // Construct a representation of Rust code as a syntax tree
     // that we can manipulate
-    let ast: DeriveInput = syn::parse(input).unwrap();
+    let mut ast: DeriveInput = syn::parse(input).unwrap();
     let bevy_reflect_path: Path = BevyManifest::default().get_path("bevy_reflect");
 
     // Build the trait implementation
     let name = &ast.ident;
 
-    let (impl_generics, type_generics, _) = &ast.generics.split_for_impl();
-    assert!(
-        impl_generics.to_token_stream().is_empty() && type_generics.to_token_stream().is_empty(),
-        "#[derive(TypeUuid)] is not supported for generics.",
-    );
+    ast.generics.type_params_mut().for_each(|param| {
+        param
+            .bounds
+            .push(syn::parse_quote!(#bevy_reflect_path::TypeUuid))
+    });
+
+    let (impl_generics, type_generics, where_clause) = &ast.generics.split_for_impl();
 
     let mut uuid = None;
     for attribute in ast.attrs.iter().filter_map(|attr| attr.parse_meta().ok()) {
@@ -56,11 +58,17 @@ pub fn type_uuid_derive(input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStre
         .map(|byte| format!("{:#X}", byte))
         .map(|byte_str| syn::parse_str::<LitInt>(&byte_str).unwrap());
 
+    let base = quote! { #bevy_reflect_path::Uuid::from_bytes([#( #bytes ),*]) };
+    let type_uuid = ast.generics.type_params().fold(base, |acc, param| {
+        let ident = &param.ident;
+        quote! {
+            #bevy_reflect_path::__macro_exports::generate_composite_uuid(#acc, <#ident as #bevy_reflect_path::TypeUuid>::TYPE_UUID)
+        }
+    });
+
     let gen = quote! {
-        impl #bevy_reflect_path::TypeUuid for #name {
-            const TYPE_UUID: #bevy_reflect_path::Uuid = #bevy_reflect_path::Uuid::from_bytes([
-                #( #bytes ),*
-            ]);
+        impl #impl_generics #bevy_reflect_path::TypeUuid for #name #type_generics #where_clause {
+            const TYPE_UUID: #bevy_reflect_path::Uuid = #type_uuid;
         }
     };
     gen.into()

crates/bevy_reflect/src/lib.rs

@@ -46,6 +46,36 @@ pub use type_uuid::*;
 pub use bevy_reflect_derive::*;
 pub use erased_serde;
 
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub mod __macro_exports {
+    use crate::Uuid;
+
+    /// Generates a new UUID from the given UUIDs `a` and `b`,
+    /// where the bytes are generated by a bitwise `a ^ b.rotate_right(1)`.
+    /// The generated UUID will be a `UUIDv4` (meaning that the bytes should be random, not e.g. derived from the system time).
+    #[allow(clippy::unusual_byte_groupings)] // unusual byte grouping is meant to signal the relevant bits
+    pub const fn generate_composite_uuid(a: Uuid, b: Uuid) -> Uuid {
+        let mut new = [0; 16];
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i < new.len() {
+            // rotating ensures different uuids for A<B<C>> and B<A<C>> because: A ^ (B ^ C) = B ^ (A ^ C)
+            // notice that you have to rotate the second parameter: A.rr ^ (B.rr ^ C) = B.rr ^ (A.rr ^ C)
+            // Solution: A ^ (B ^ C.rr).rr != B ^ (A ^ C.rr).rr
+            new[i] = a.as_bytes()[i] ^ b.as_bytes()[i].rotate_right(1);
+
+            i += 1;
+        }
+
+        // Version: the most significant 4 bits in the 6th byte: 11110000
+        new[6] = new[6] & 0b0000_1111 | 0b0100_0000; // set version to v4
+
+        // Variant: the most significant 3 bits in the 8th byte: 11100000
+        new[8] = new[8] & 0b000_11111 | 0b100_00000; // set variant to rfc4122
+
+        Uuid::from_bytes(new)
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[allow(clippy::blacklisted_name, clippy::approx_constant)]
 mod tests {

crates/bevy_reflect/src/type_uuid.rs

@@ -28,3 +28,98 @@ where
         std::any::type_name::<Self>()
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate as bevy_reflect;
+    use bevy_reflect_derive::TypeUuid;
+    use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+    #[derive(TypeUuid)]
+    #[uuid = "af6466c2-a9f4-11eb-bcbc-0242ac130002"]
+    struct TestDeriveStruct<T>
+    where
+        T: Clone,
+    {
+        _value: T,
+    }
+
+    fn test_impl_type_uuid(_: &impl TypeUuid) {}
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_generic_type_uuid_derive() {
+        #[derive(TypeUuid, Clone)]
+        #[uuid = "ebb16cc9-4d5a-453c-aa8c-c72bd8ec83a2"]
+        struct T;
+
+        let test_struct = TestDeriveStruct { _value: T };
+        test_impl_type_uuid(&test_struct);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_generic_type_unique_uuid() {
+        #[derive(TypeUuid, Clone)]
+        #[uuid = "49951b1c-4811-45e7-acc6-3119249fbd8f"]
+        struct A;
+
+        #[derive(TypeUuid, Clone)]
+        #[uuid = "4882b8f5-5556-4cee-bea6-a2e5991997b7"]
+        struct B;
+
+        let uuid_a = TestDeriveStruct::<A>::TYPE_UUID;
+        let uuid_b = TestDeriveStruct::<B>::TYPE_UUID;
+
+        assert_ne!(uuid_a, uuid_b);
+        assert_ne!(uuid_a, A::TYPE_UUID);
+        assert_ne!(uuid_b, B::TYPE_UUID);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_inverted_generic_type_unique_uuid() {
+        #[derive(TypeUuid, Clone)]
+        #[uuid = "49951b1c-4811-45e7-acc6-3119249fbd8f"]
+        struct Inner;
+
+        #[derive(TypeUuid, Clone)]
+        #[uuid = "23ebc0c3-ef69-4ea0-8c2a-dca1b4e27c0d"]
+        struct TestDeriveStructA<T>
+        where
+            T: Clone,
+        {
+            _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
+        }
+
+        #[derive(TypeUuid, Clone)]
+        #[uuid = "a82f9936-70cb-482a-bd3d-cb99d87de55f"]
+        struct TestDeriveStructB<T>
+        where
+            T: Clone,
+        {
+            _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
+        }
+
+        let uuid_ab = TestDeriveStructA::<TestDeriveStructB<Inner>>::TYPE_UUID;
+        let uuid_ba = TestDeriveStructB::<TestDeriveStructA<Inner>>::TYPE_UUID;
+
+        assert_ne!(uuid_ab, uuid_ba);
+        assert_ne!(uuid_ab, TestDeriveStructA::<Inner>::TYPE_UUID);
+        assert_ne!(uuid_ba, TestDeriveStructB::<Inner>::TYPE_UUID);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_generic_type_uuid_same_for_eq_param() {
+        #[derive(TypeUuid, Clone)]
+        #[uuid = "49951b1c-4811-45e7-acc6-3119249fbd8f"]
+        struct A;
+
+        #[derive(TypeUuid, Clone)]
+        #[uuid = "49951b1c-4811-45e7-acc6-3119249fbd8f"]
+        struct BButSameAsA;
+
+        let uuid_a = TestDeriveStruct::<A>::TYPE_UUID;
+        let uuid_b = TestDeriveStruct::<BButSameAsA>::TYPE_UUID;
+
+        assert_eq!(uuid_a, uuid_b);
+    }
+}