Update Dockerfile

[emmyoop]

resolves dbt-labs/dbt-core#9491

Problem

Dockerfile uses python 3.10

Solution

Bump Dockerfile to use python 3.11

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guide and understand what's expected of me
• I have run this code in development and it appears to resolve the stated issue
• This PR includes tests, or tests are not required/relevant for this PR
• This PR has no interface changes (e.g. macros, cli, logs, json artifacts, config files, adapter interface, etc) or this PR has already received feedback and approval from Product or DX

[github-actions]

Thank you for your pull request! We could not find a changelog entry for this change. For details on how to document a change, see the dbt-snowflake contributing guide.